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Depositional environment and tectono-provenance of Upper Kaimur Group sandstones, Son Valley, Central India

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Abstract

The Mesoproterozoic Upper Kaimur Group consists of Bijaigarh Shale, Scarp Sandstone, and Dhandraul Sandstone. Based on the lithofacies data set, two major facies associations were identified, namely—tidal sand flat/sand bar facies association (TSFA) and tidally influenced fluvial channel facies/tidal channel facies association (TIFCFA). The Dhandraul Sandstone has been interpreted as a product of TIFCFA and the underlying Scarp Sandstone in TSFA which endorses a tidal dominated estuarine setting. Detrital modes of the Dhandraul and Scarp Sandstones fall in the quartz arenite to sub-litharenite types. Petrographical data suggest that the deposition of the Upper Kaimur Group sandstones took place in humid climate and was derived from mixed provenances. The sandstone composition suggests detritus from igneous rocks, metamorphic rocks, and recycled sedimentary rocks. The sandstone tectonic discrimination diagrams suggest that the provenances of the Upper Kaimur Group sandstones were continental block, recycled orogen, rifted continental margin to quartzose recycled tectonic regimes. It is envisaged that the Paleo- and Mesoproterozoic granite, granodiorite, gneiss, and metasedimentary rocks of Mahakoshal Group and Chotanagpur granite–gneiss present in the western and northwestern direction are the possible source rocks for the Upper Kaimur Group in the Son Valley.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Chairman, Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh for providing all necessary facilities for research work. Financial assistance for the fieldwork through the “Student Amenities” fund provided by UGC is thankfully acknowledged. We also gratefully acknowledge the critical and constructive suggestions offered by two anonymous referees, which improved the original manuscript.

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  1. Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    M. A. Quasim & A. H. M. Ahmad

  2. Formerly Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology (WIHG), 7 Kalimandir Enclave, G M S Road, Dehradun, 248001, India

    Sumit K. Ghosh

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Quasim, M.A., Ahmad, A.H.M. & Ghosh, S.K. Depositional environment and tectono-provenance of Upper Kaimur Group sandstones, Son Valley, Central India. Arab J Geosci 10, 4 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-016-2783-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-016-2783-1

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