Abstract
The gradual increase in construction activities worldwide utilizing significant amount of natural resources resulting in to scarcity of available resources. Alternative materials have been searched by different investigations which can fully or partially replace the naturally available materials in the construction industry. This paper deals with the results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) along with the elemental map of the concrete mixes for the microstructure observations and elemental compositions. It also aims to focus on the study of strength (St) and durability (Db) of concrete prepared by replacing a part of cement and sand, respectively by sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBa) and stone dust (SD). However, the study is limited to the concrete prepared with 10% optimum replacement of cement by SCBa with variable percentage (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%) replacement of sand by stone dust. The tests on hardened concrete, which include compressive strength (Cs) and split tensile strength (Ts), were performed, and the results are presented. Durability study includes sulphate resistance test (SRt) in which the specimens were exposed to the respective chemical conditioning for 90 days and 180 days and the percentage loss in Cs with standard concrete were compared.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
ASTM International. 2002.ASTM C452–02: Standard test method for potential expansion of Portland cement mortars exposed to sulphate. West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM International. 2013.ASTM C109S: Standard test method for compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars (using 2-in. or [50-mm] cube specimens. West Conshohocken, PA.
Athira, G., A. Bahurudeen, and V.S. Vishnu. 2020. Availability and accessibility of sugarcane bagasse ash for its utilization in indian cement plants: A GIS-based network analysis. Sugar Tech 22: 1038–1056. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-020-00842-x.
Balamurugan, G., and P. Perumal. 2013. Use of quarry dust to replace sand in concrete –An experimental study. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications 12: 1–4.
Bangar, S.S., S.N. Phalke, A.Y. Gawade, R.S. Tambe, and A.B. Rahane. 2017. A review paper on replacement of cement with bagasse ash. International Journal of Engineering Sciences and Management 7 (1): 127–131.
Batic, O.R., C.A. Milanesi, P.J. Maiza, and S.A. Marfil. 2000. Secondary ettringite formation in concrete subjected to different curing conditions. Cement and Concrete Research 30 (9): 1407–1412. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00343-4.
Batool, F., A. Masood, and M. Ali. 2020. Characterization of sugarcane bagasse ash as pozzolan and influence on concrete properties. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-019-04301-y.
Binici, H., and O. Aksoǧan. 2005. Sulfate resistance of plain and blended cement. Cement and Concrete Composites 28: 39–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2005.08.002.
Binici, H., and O. Aksogan. 2018. Durability of concrete made with natural granular granite, silica sand and powders of waste marble and basalt as fine aggregate. Journal of Building Engineering 19: 109–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2018.04.022.
Boateng, A.A., and D.A. Skeete. 1990. Incineration of rice hull for use as a cementitious materials: The guyana experience. Cement and Concrete Research 20 (5): 795–802. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(90)90013-N.
Bureau of Indian Standards. 1999. IS 5186: Method of test splitting tensile strength of concrete. India: New Delhi.
Bureau of Indian Standards. 2000. IS 456: Plain and reinforced concrete code of practice (Fourth revision). India: New Delhi.
Bureau of Indian Standards. 2004a. IS 1199: Methods of sampling and analysis of concrete. India: New Delhi.
Bureau of Indian Standards. 2004b. IS 516: Methods of tests for strength of concrete. India: New Delhi.
Bureau of Indian Standards. 2004c. IS 1727: Methods of test for Pozzolanic materials. India: New Delhi.
Bureau of Indian Standards. 2009. IS 10262: Concrete mix proportioning - Guidelines. India: New Delhi.
Bureau of Indian Standards. 2013. IS 269: Specification for 43-grade ordinary portland cement. India: New Delhi.
Bureau of Indian Standards. 2016. IS 383: Coarse and fine aggregate for concrete specification. India: New Delhi.
Cang, S., X. Ge, and Y. Bao. 2017. Assessment of mechanical properties and damage of high-performance concrete subjected to magnesium sulfate environment. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9196187.
Chusilp, N., J. Chai, and K. Kiattikomol. 2009. Utilization of bagasse ash as a pozzolanic material in concrete. Construction and Building Materials 23: 3352–3358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.06.030.
Cordeiro, G.C., R.D. Toledo, L.M. Tavares, and E.M.R. Fairbairn. 2008. Pozzolanic activity and filler effect of sugar cane bagasse ash in Portland cement and lime mortars. Cement and Concrete Composites 30: 410–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2008.01.001.
El-Hachem, R., E. Rozière, F. Grondin, and A. Loukili. 2012. Multi-criteria analysis of the mechanism of degradation of portland cement based mortars exposed to external sulphate attack. Cement and Concrete Research 42 (10): 1327–1335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2012.06.005.
Ganesan, K., K. Rajagopal, and K. Thangavel. 2007. Evaluation of bagasse ash as supplementary cementitious material. Cement and Concrete Composites 29: 515–524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2007.03.001.
Ghorbani, S., I. Taji, J. de Brito, M. Negahban, S. Ghorbani, M. Tavakkolizadeh, and A. Davoodi. 2019. Mechanical and durability behaviour of concrete with granite waste dust as partial cement replacement under adverse exposure conditions. Construction and Building Materials 194: 143–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.11.023.
Gu, Y., R.P. Martin, O.O. Metalssi, T. Fen-Chong, and P. Dangla. 2019. Pore size analyses of cement paste exposed to external sulfate attack and delayed ettringite formation. Cement and Concrete Research 123: 105766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.05.011.
Hasan, N.M.S., H.R. Sobuz, N. Tamanna, and M. Slah. 2014. Properties of concrete by using bagasse ash and recycle aggregate. Concrete Research Letters 5 (2): 768–785.
Hekal, E.E., E. Kishar, and H. Mostafa. 2002. Magnesium sulfate attack on hardened blended cement pastes under different circumstances. Cement and Concrete Research 32: 1421–1427. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00801-3.
Ikumi, T., and I. Segura. 2019. Numerical assessment of external sulfate attack in concrete structures: A review. Cement and Concrete Research 121: 91–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.04.010.
Jha, P., A.K. Sachan, and R.P. Singh. 2020a. Microstructure analysis of concrete: Using bagasse ash waste as partial replacement of cement. Indian Journal of Environmental Protection 40 (3): 269–275.
Jha, P., A.K. Sachan, and R.P. Singh. 2020b. Agro-waste sugarcane bagasse ash (ScBA) as partial replacement of binder material in concrete. Materials Today: Proceedings 44: 419–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.751.
Joshaghani, A., A.A. Ramezanianpour, H. Rostami. 2016. Effect of incorporating sugarcane bagasse Ash (SCBA) in mortar to examine durability of sulfate attack. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Concrete Sustainability. Madrid, Spain, 576–596.
Lima, S.A., A. Sales, F. Almeida, C.R. F do, J.P. Moretti, and K.F. Portella. 2011. Concretes made with sugarcane bagasse ash: Evaluation of the durability for carbonation and abrasion tests. Built Environment 11 (2): 201–212. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-86212011000200014.
Liu, T., S. Qin, D. Zou, and W. Song. 2018. Experimental investigation on the durability performances of concrete using cathode ray tube glass as fine aggregate under chloride ion penetration or sulfate attack. Construction and Building Materials 163: 634–642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.135.
Liu, P., Y. Chen, W. Wang, and Z. Yu. 2020. Effect of physical and chemical sulfate attack on performance degradation of concrete under different conditions. Chemical Physics Letters 745: 137254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137254.
Loudon, N. 2003. A review of the experience of thaumasite sulfate attack by the UK highways agency. Cement and Concrete Composites 25: 1051–1058. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(03)00146-X.
Madurwar, M. V., S.A. Mandavgane, and R.V. Ralegaonkar. 2014. Use of sugarcane bagasse ash as brick material. Current Science 107: 1044–1051. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24110885
Medina, G., I.F. Sáez del Bosque, M. Frías, M.I. Sánchez de Rojas, and C. Medina. 2018. Durability of new recycled granite quarry dust-bearing cements. Construction and Building Materials 187: 414–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.134.
Mehta, P.K., and P.J. Monteiro. 2014. Concrete: Microstructure, properties, and materials. McGraw-Hill Education. https://doi.org/10.1036/0071462899.
Pofale, A.D., and S.R. Quadri. 2013. Effective utilization of crusher dust in concrete using portland pozzolana cement. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications 3 (8): 1–10.
Portland Cement Association. 2001. Ettringite formation and the performance of concrete (No. 2166). Portland Cement Association.
Prasad, J., D.K.Jain & A.K. Ahuja. 2006. Factors influencing the sulphate resistance of cement concrete and mortar. Asian Journal of Civil Engineering 7(3): 259–268. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=54280
Rajput, S.P.S., and M.S. Chauhan. 2014. Suitability of crushed stone dust as fine aggregate in mortars. Micron (no. 30) 89 (49.8): 35–59.
Rauf, N., M. Damayanti, and S. Pratama. 2017. The influence of sugarcane bagasse ash as fly ash on cement quality. AIP Conference Proceedings. 1801: 040009. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4973098.
Sahu, A. K., S. Kumar, A.K. Sachan. 2009. Utilization of crushed stone waste in concrete. NCACM Method and Management (AC3M-09) 21–22.
Sampaio, Z., P. Souza, and B. Gouveia. 2014. Analysis of the influence of the sugar cane bagasse ashes on mechanical behavior of concrete. Revista IBRACON De Estruturas e Materiais 7: 626–647. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1983-41952014000400006.
Santos, I., J.P.L. Rodrigues, C.G. Ramos, C.C. Martuscelli, U.N. Castañon, V.C.C. Alves, and G.M. Abreu. 2017. Effect of the chemical attack on the properties of cimentititous composites with partial substitution of ash from sugar cane bagasse in natura. Matéria (Rio De Janeiro). https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-707620170002.0169.
Shafiq, N., M.F. Nuruddin, and A.A. Elhameed. 2014. Effect of sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA) on sulphate resistance of concrete. International Journal of Enhanced Research in Science Technology & Engineering 3: 64–67.
Shamim, S., V. Srivastava, and V.C. Agarwal. 2014. Compressive and flexural strengths of concrete using stone dust and recycled aggregate as partial replacement of natural aggregate. Journal of Academia and Industrial Research 3 (7): 322.
Sobhani, J., M. Najimi, and A.R. Pourkhorshidi. 2012. Effects of retempering methods on the compressive strength and water permeability of concrete. Scientia Iranica 19 (2): 211–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scient.2011.12.012.
Venkatanarayanan, H.K., and P.R. Rangaraju. 2014. Evaluation of sulfate resistance of portland cement mortars containing low-carbon rice husk ash. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 26 (4): 582–592. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000868.
Zhutovsky, S., and R.D. Hooton. 2017. Experimental study on physical sulfate salt attack. Materials and Structures 50: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-016-0936-z.
Zuquan, J., S. Wei, Z. Yunsheng, J. Jinyang, and L. Jianzhong. 2007. Interaction between sulfate and chloride solution attack of concretes with and without fly ash. Cement and Concrete Research 37 (8): 1223–1232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.02.016.
Acknowledgements
Authors are grateful to IIT Kanpur for providing the laboratory facilities, the Director and TEQIP III of MNNIT Allahabad Prayagranj for providing fund and help required. Ms Pooja Jha (a Research Scholar), one of the authors, is also grateful for providing financial support to MHRD New Delhi for research work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jha, P., Sachan, A.K. & Singh, R.P. Strength Properties and Durability of Concrete Prepared From Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Stone Dust. Sugar Tech 24, 746–763 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-021-01047-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-021-01047-6