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Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation to Brazilian Portuguese of the Cerebellar Cognitive Affective/Schmahmann Syndrome Scale

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Abstract

Cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS) is characterized by deficits in executive functions, language processing, spatial orientation, and affect regulation in patients with cerebellar disease. The symptoms can occur isolated or along with motor and coordination symptoms. The aim of our study was to translate and culturally adapt the CCAS scale to Brazilian Portuguese and validate the scale in our population. We performed a cross-sectional study with patients with primary and secondary ataxia. The study included 111 individuals, aged between 20 and 80 years, of both genders, 20 without cognitive and/or affective complaints who participated in the pre-test phase, 40 with cerebellar disease (hereditary/neurodegenerative ataxia or acquired/secondary cerebellar ataxia), and 51 healthy controls with no evidence of cognitive impairment and no affective symptoms matched for sex, age, and educational level. The scale was translated, culturally adapted, and validated. Statistical analysis of the data was performed, with association tests, mean comparison, and ROC curve analysis. Based on the analysis of the ROC curve, optimal cutoff values ​were found for each subitem of the scale. The translated and adapted scale has good internal consistency, is reproducible, has good reliability, and has the potential to be a reliable tool for screening cognitive symptoms in patients with cerebellar disease.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Dr. Jeremy D. Schmahmann for his contribution to our study.

Funding

The author PB-N received funding from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) as research grant funding (Productivity scholarship).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neurology Section, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil

    Stephanie Suzanne de Oliveira Scott, Paulo Ribeiro Nóbrega, Emmanuelle Silva Tavares Sobreira & Pedro Braga-Neto

  2. Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    José Luiz Pedroso, Marcela Patrícia de Almeida, Maria Thereza Drumond Gama, Breno Kazuo Massuyama & Orlando Graziani Povoas Barsottini

  3. Neurology Service, Hospital Geral de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brazil

    Victor Vitalino Elias, Emmanuelle Silva Tavares Sobreira & Norberto Anizio Ferreira Frota

  4. University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Fortaleza, Brazil

    Norberto Anizio Ferreira Frota

  5. Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil

    Pedro Braga-Neto

Authors
  1. Stephanie Suzanne de Oliveira Scott
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  2. José Luiz Pedroso
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  3. Victor Vitalino Elias
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  4. Paulo Ribeiro Nóbrega
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  5. Emmanuelle Silva Tavares Sobreira
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  6. Marcela Patrícia de Almeida
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  7. Maria Thereza Drumond Gama
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  8. Breno Kazuo Massuyama
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  9. Orlando Graziani Povoas Barsottini
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  10. Norberto Anizio Ferreira Frota
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  11. Pedro Braga-Neto
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by SSdOS, JLP, VVE, ESTS, MPdA, NAFF, and PB-N. The first draft of the manuscript was written by SSdOS and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pedro Braga-Neto.

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Supplementary Information

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Supplementary file1

Supplement 3 is the final version of Brazilian Portuguese Cerebellar Cognitive Affective/Schmahmann syndrome scale (Version 1A). Supplements 4 through 6 are alternative versions of the Brazilian Portuguese of the scale, described as Version 1B, 1C and 1D respectively. (DOCX 12.1 MB)

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de Oliveira Scott, S.S., Pedroso, J.L., Elias, V.V. et al. Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation to Brazilian Portuguese of the Cerebellar Cognitive Affective/Schmahmann Syndrome Scale. Cerebellum 22, 282–294 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12311-022-01391-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12311-022-01391-7

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