Abstract
Diversity assessment of 94 groundnut accessions from Togo and Senegal, using agro-morphological and SNP markers, revealed high variability for many quantitative traits such as late leaf spot (LLS) incidence, number of pods per plant and yield per plant. For qualitative traits, the Simpson Index showed high diversity for primary seed colour (0.75), stem pigmentation (0.60), and Growth habit (0.59). Principal component analysis underscored quantitative traits such as hundred seed weight, days to maturity, and LLS incidence, as the main traits contributing to the divergence. Correlation and path coefficient analysis showed that the number of pods per plant was the main yield-related trait positively affecting yield (r = 0.95, PC = 0.84; p = 0.01). Overall, 990 SNP markers revealed moderate genetic variability in the genotypes and the percentage of heterozygous genotypes varied from 0 to 50% for all loci. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that only 1.1% of the total molecular variance accounted for geographical contribution to the diversity. Co-analysis of phenotypic and SNP data delineated three clusters harbouring useful alleles and interesting phenotypic features such as LLS resistance, large number of pods per plant and early maturity indicating that differences observed at the phenotypic level are underlined by genotypic differences. The phenotypic and genotypic diversity observed could be exploited for the identification of parents with preferred traits for use in the breeding program. However, the low population structure highlights the necessity to improve groundnut diversity in Togo through introduction from various sources.
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Availability of data and material
The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Abbreviations
- ITRA-CRASS:
-
Institut National de Recherche Agronomique-Centre de Recherche Agronomique de la Savane Seche
- ICRISAT:
-
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
- CERAAS:
-
Centre d’Etudes Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse
- LLS:
-
Late leaf spot
- ELS:
-
Early leaf spot
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the National Agricultural Research Institute (ITRA-CRASS) who offered logistical assistance and Integrated Genotyping Service and Support (IGSS) who sponsored and carried out the genotyping at ILRI/BeCa.
Funding
This study was co-funded by WAAP-Togo and a scholarship from the Germany Academic Exchange Service (WACCI/DAAD) at WACCI (University of Ghana). The genotyping was partly sponsored by IGSS (ILRI/BeCa).
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EMB carried out the study, analysed & interpreted the data and drafted the manuscript. DKD, SKO and PT participated in the study design and corrected the manuscript. HD participated in the study design and was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. MMD and LDM revised the work critically. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Banla, E.M., Dzidzienyo, D.K., Diangar, M.M. et al. Molecular and phenotypic diversity of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars in Togo. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 26, 1489–1504 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-020-00837-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-020-00837-8