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Genotypic variation of photosynthetic gas exchange and stomatal traits in some traditional rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces from Koraput, India for crop improvement

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Abstract

Variations in photosynthetic gas exchange, stomatal traits and photosystem (PS) II activity were investigated in three popular rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces namely Kalajeera, Machakanta and Haladichudi from Koraput, India and compared with high yielding modern varieties (IR 64 and IR 42) to judge the possibility of using them in crop improvement programmes. The leaf CO2 photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), water use efficiency and carboxylation efficiency were significantly higher in traditional landraces as compared to the high yielding variety. In contrast, the transpiration rate, internal CO2 concentration, special analysis device (SPAD) index and chlorophyll were higher in high yielding varieties. In addition, the traditional landraces showed better stomatal traits such as stomatal density (SD), stomatal size (SS) and stomatal index. Further, multiple correlations between different gas-exchange characteristics and other physiological traits revealed that the PN was not dependent on the leaf pigment content or PS II activity. However, it was dependent on stomatal traits like gs, SD and SS. Taken together, the traditional landraces such as Kalajeera, Machakanta and Haladichudi had superior PN and stomatal efficiency compared to the high yielding variety under prevailing environmental condition. Further research is required to elucidate the genetic diversity of these popular landraces compared to high-yielding ones in relation to photosynthesis efficiency for future crop improvement programmes.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Dr. S. K. Palita, Head, Department of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources for providing necessary facilities for the work and valuable suggestions. The Regional Director, MS Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF), Koraput and Director, NRRI, Cuttack are highly acknowledged for providing the rice seeds for the experiment.

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  1. Department of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources, Central University of Orissa, Koraput, Odisha, 764 021, India

    Debabrata Panda, Amar Mahakhud, Biswajeet Mohanty, Swati S. Mishra & Jijnasa Barik

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  1. Debabrata Panda
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  2. Amar Mahakhud
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  3. Biswajeet Mohanty
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  4. Swati S. Mishra
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Contributions

AM and DP designed the experiments, cultivated the plants. AM, BM, JB and SSM performed the measurement of photosynthetic traits. DP analyzed the data and wrote the paper. All authors read and provided helpful discussions for the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Debabrata Panda.

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Panda, D., Mahakhud, A., Mohanty, B. et al. Genotypic variation of photosynthetic gas exchange and stomatal traits in some traditional rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces from Koraput, India for crop improvement. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 24, 973–983 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-018-0542-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-018-0542-3

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