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Optimization of Salivary Electrochemical Analysis and its Collection Protocol in Type II Diabetes

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Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the last few decades, saliva due to its non-invasive nature has been highlighted as an important diagnostic biofluid and significant alteration in its composition has been reported with the progression of diabetes. We have investigated the best protocol for saliva collection, handling and processing to leverage its full potential for measuring salivary electrochemical parameters (SEPs) that serve as proxy indicators for fasting blood glucose levels (BGLs) in the body. SEPs such as pH, oxidation–reduction potential (ORP), conductivity and concentrations of Na+, K+ and Ca++ ions were examined in a total of 60 age and sex matched (healthy and with diabetes) volunteers over three days (study 1) and during five different intervals in a day (study 2) and were subjected to statistical analysis. Effect of different age groups were also considered in study 2. None of the SEPs showed significant day-to-day variability (p > 0.05) in an individual belonging to either group. The variation among individuals was, however, higher in the diabetes group. The average SEP values were also distinctly different from the healthy baseline in the saliva collected after overnight fasting (P < 0.05). These findings imply that consumption of meals alters the salivary secretion and limits the use of the saliva-based studies to fasting intervals, which stands best for the salivary analysis during the diseased condition. Overall, we conclude that the SEPs collection protocol should be fixed to overnight fasting with 15 min of prior gargling.

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Acknowledgements

The author is grateful to all the staff members and volunteers at AIIMS for their active cooperation during the sample collection process. Author would also like to thank Prof. Shalini Gupta, Associate professor, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi for her valuable guidance through out the experiments.Author would also like to acknowledge the support of Dr. Rajesh Khadgawat, Professor, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi to obtain ethical approval.

Funding

The author did not receive any funding from any organization for the submitted work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India

    Sarul Malik

  2. Department of Instrumentation, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110096, India

    Sarul Malik

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  1. Sarul Malik
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Contributions

SM conceptualized the idea to perform this study, performed all the experiments and wrote the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sarul Malik.

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Author report no conflicts of interest.

Ethical Approval

IEC/NP-278/01–08-2014, RP-29/2014.

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All subjects were asked to give their informed consent to participate in the study.

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All subjects were asked to give their informed consent to publish results from this study.

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Cite this article

Malik, S. Optimization of Salivary Electrochemical Analysis and its Collection Protocol in Type II Diabetes. Ind J Clin Biochem 37, 311–318 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-021-00996-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-021-00996-9

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