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Thermo-mechanical characterization of unsaturated polyester/glass fiber composites for recycling

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Abstract

Unsaturated-polyester/glass-fiber composites are worldwide more and more used. Actually, their thermochemical and mechanical recycling paths are quite well-known. But, due to the relatively low value of the end products, these two paths are hardly economically viable. Thus, a third way will be proposed as a thermomechanical path. In order to recycle these composites, a study of their thermo-mechanical behaviors is proposed in this work, through various static and dynamic tests at temperatures ranging from ambient to 150 °C, over their glass-transition-temperature (Tg). As expected, the results prove that unsaturated-polyester reinforced by woven glass-fibers is more resistant in static flexion and traction than composite made with mixed chopped and woven glass-fibers, at ambient temperature and up to 150 °C. Also, static and dynamic tests have shown that composite manufactured by infusion is more resistant than the hand lay-up composite forming. Indeed, dynamic 3-points-flexural-bending test indicates that these composites lose their stiffness during the temperature rise. Furthermore, the composites ageing study shows the appearance of Mullins effect and hysteresis phenomena, at 150 °C. After an accelerated ageing in distilled water at ambient temperature, the composite lost about 66% of its flexural resistance but a gain of 195% in its deformation at break is obtained. For an ageing in distilled water at temperature around its Tg, this composite lost the same ratio in its flexural resistance but got 180% in its yield deformation, compared to its virgin state. The mechanical properties lose can be interpreted by the ester function hydrolysis and the glass fibers damage.

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Funding

This study was funded by FEDER - Region Pays de la Loire in the framework of CIPTAP R&D project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Icam de Nantes, 35 avenue du champ de Manoeuvres, Carquefou, Nantes, 44470, France

    A. Nouigues & E. Le Gal La Salle

  2. UMR CNRS 6607, Rue Christian Pauc, 44306, Nantes, France

    A. Nouigues & J-L. Bailleul

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  1. A. Nouigues
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  2. E. Le Gal La Salle
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  3. J-L. Bailleul
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Correspondence to A. Nouigues.

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Nouigues, A., Le Gal La Salle, E. & Bailleul, JL. Thermo-mechanical characterization of unsaturated polyester/glass fiber composites for recycling. Int J Mater Form 14, 153–174 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12289-020-01559-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12289-020-01559-8

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