Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of powder metallurgy synthesis parameters for pure aluminium on resultant mechanical properties

  • Original Research
  • Published:
International Journal of Material Forming Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this work, pure aluminium powders of different average particle size were compacted, sintered into discs and tested for mechanical strength at different strain rates. The effects of average particle size (15, 19, and 35 μm), sintering rate (5 and 20 °C/min) and sample indentation test speed (0.5, 0.7, and 1.0 mm/min) were examined. A compaction pressure of 332 MPa with a holding time of six minutes was used to produce the green compacted discs. The consolidated green specimens were sintered with a holding time of 4 h, a temperature of 600 °C in an argon atmosphere. The resulting sintered samples contained higher than 85% density. The mechanical properties and microstructure were characterized using indentation strength measurement tests and SEM analysis respectively. After sintering, the aluminium grain structure was observed to be of uniform size within the fractured samples. The indentation test measurements showed that for the same sintering rate, the 35 μm powder particle size provided the highest radial and tangential strength while the 15 μm powder provided the lowest strengths. Another important finding from this work was the increase in sintered sample strength which was achieved using the lower sinter heating rate, 5 °C/min. This resulted in a tangential stress value of 365 MPa which was significantly higher than achieved, 244 MPa, using the faster sintering heating rate, 20 °C/min.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Dursun T, Soutis C (2014) Recent developments in advanced aircraft aluminium alloys. Mater Des 56:862–871

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Brandt R, Neuer G (2007) Electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity of pure aluminum and aluminum alloys up to and above the melting temperature. Int J Thermophys 28(5):1429–1446

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. De Matteis G, Brando G, Mazzolani FM (2012) Pure aluminium: an innovative material for structural applications in seismic engineering. Constr Build Mater 26(1):677–686

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Hirsch J (2004) Automotive trends in Aluminium-the European perspective. Mater Forum 28:15–23

    Google Scholar 

  5. Soares B, Dantas S (2017) Corrosion of aluminum for beverage packaging in acidic media containing chlorides and copper ions. J Food Process Eng 40(6). https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.12571

  6. Fasoyiro S, Gourama H, Cutter C (2017) Stability and safety of maize–legume-fortified flours stored in various packaging materials. Eur Food Res Technol 243:1861–1868

  7. Zulkifli F, Ali N, Yusof MSM, Khairul WM, Rahamathullah R, Isa MIN, Wan Nik WB (2017) The effect of concentration of Lawsonia Inermis as a corrosion inhibitor for aluminum alloy in seawater. Adv Phys Chem 2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8521623

  8. Dudin M, Voykova N, Frolova E, Artemieva J (2017) Modern trends and challenges of development of global aluminum industry. Metalurgija 56(1–2):255–258

  9. Mandal N (2017) Ship construction and welding. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2955-4

  10. Yu H, Li R, Qian M, Ma H, Hou J, Wang Q (2017) The development of high strength-high conductive aluminum conductors. Electrical Engineering and Automation 307–318. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789813220362_0039

  11. Taguchi K, Akasofu Y, Yoshimoto J (2017) Development of high strength aluminum wires for low-voltage automotive wiring harnesses. SAE Int J Engines 10(4). https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-1644

  12. Cui X, Wu Y, Zhang G, Liu Y, Liu X (2017) Study on the improvement of electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of low alloying electrical aluminum alloys. Compos Part B Eng 110:381–387

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Cousseau R, Patin N, Forgez C, Monmasson E, Idkhajine L (2017) Improved electrical model of aluminum electrolytic capacitor with anomalous diffusion for health monitoring. Math Comput Simul 131:268–282

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Du X, Lin B, Li B, Feng T, Mao S, Xu Y (2017) Surface modification of al foils for aluminum electrolytic capacitor. Adv Funct Mater 27(11):1606042

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Wette J, Sutter F, Fernández-García A, Ziegler S, Dasbach R (2016) Comparison of degradation on aluminum reflectors for solar collectors due to outdoor exposure and accelerated aging. Energies 9(11):916

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Mishra SK, Kumar V, Tiwari SK, Mishra T, Angula G, Adhikari S (2016) Development and degradation behavior of protective multilayer coatings for aluminum reflectors for solar thermal applications. Thin Solid Films 619:202–207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Liu J, O’Connor WJ, Ahearne E, Byrne G (2013) Electromechanical modelling for piezoelectric flextensional actuators. Smart Mater Struct 23(2):1–13

    Google Scholar 

  18. Hsiang SH, Lin YW, Lai JW (2012) Optimization of hot extrusion process for AZ61 magnesium alloy carriers. Int J Mater Form 5(3):259–268

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Sornin D, Karch A, Nunes D (2015) Finite element method simulation of the hot extrusion of a powder metallurgy stainless steel grade. Int J Mater Form 8(1):145–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Güley V, Ben Khalifa N, Tekkaya AE (2010) Direct recycling of 1050 aluminum alloy scrap material mixed with 6060 aluminum alloy chips by hot extrusion. Int J Mater Form 3(SUPPL. 1):853–856

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Widerøe F, Welo T, Vestøl H (2010) A new testing machine to determine the behaviour of aluminium granulate under combined pressure and shear. Int J Mater Form 3(S1):861–864

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Brosius A, Hermes M, Ben Khalifa N, Trompeter M, Tekkaya AE (2009) Innovation by forming technology: motivation for research. Int J Mater Form 2(S1):29–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Totten GE, MacKenzie DS (2003) Handbook of aluminum: Vol. 1: Physical metallurgy and processes. Taylor & Francis, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  24. Verlinden B, Froyen L (1994) Aluminium Powder Metallurgy. European Aluminium Association

  25. Gökçe A, Fındık F (2008) Mechanical and physical properties of sintered aluminum powders. J Achiev Mater Manuf Eng 30(2):157–164

    Google Scholar 

  26. Djuricic M, Dragojlovic M, Novakovic R (1986) Cold sintering of aluminum and its alloys. Sci Sinter 18:87–89

    Google Scholar 

  27. Sabirov I, Perez-Prado MT, Murashkin M, Molina-Aldareguia JM, Bobruk EV, Yunusova NF, Valiev RZ (2010) Application of equal channel angular pressing with parallel channels for grain refinement in Aluminium alloys and its effect on deformation behaviour. Int J Mater Form vol. 3, Suppl 1, pp 411–414

  28. ElRakayby H, Kim K (2017) Effect of glass container encapsulation on deformation and densification behavior of metal powders during hot isostatic pressing. Int J Mater Form. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12289-017-1361-8

  29. Okuma S (1979) The sintering mechanism of Aluminium and the anodization of Aluminium sintered bodies. Act Passive Electron Compon 6(1):23–29

    Google Scholar 

  30. Hearn EJ (1997) Mechanics of materials, volume 2-an introduction to the mechanics of elastic and plastic deformation of solids and structural materials, vol 2, 3rd edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  31. Timoshenko S, Woinowsky-Krieger S (1959) Theory of plates and shells, engineering societies monographs. McGraw-Hill, New York

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  32. Liu J, Fernandez B, Rodriguez P, Naher S, Brabazon D (2016) Powder processing methodology for production of graphene oxide reinforced aluminium matrix composites. Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies 2(4):437–450. https://doi.org/10.1080/2374068X.2016.1244389

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Liu J, Khan U, Coleman J, Fernandez B, Rodriguez P, Naher P, Brabazon D (2016) Graphene oxide and graphene nanosheet reinforced aluminium matrix composites: powder synthesis and prepared composite characteristics. Mater Des 94:87–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Dasari B, Nouri JM, Brabazon D, Naher S (2017) Graphene and derivatives - synthesis techniques, properties and their energy applications. Energy 140:766–778

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. ASM Handbook (1987) Volume 12: Fractography. ISBN: 978–0–87170-018-6

  36. Kowalski L, Korevaar BM, Duszczyk J (1992) Some new aspects of the theory of oxidation and degassing of aluminium-based alloy powders. J Mater Sci 27(10):2770–2780. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00540704

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Lumley RN, Sercombe TB, Schaffer GM (1999) Surface oxide and the role of magnesium during the sintering of aluminum. Metall Mater Trans A 30(2):457–463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-999-0335-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research is supported in part by a research grant from Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) under Grant Number 16/RC/3872 and is co-funded under the European Regional Development Fund and by I-Form industry partners.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland

    Jinghang Liu, Javier Silveira, Robert Groarke, Sohan Parab, Harshaan Singh, Eanna McCarthy, Shadi Karazi, Jared Houghtaling, Inam Ul Ahad, Sumsun Naher & Dermot Brabazon

  2. School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland

    Jinghang Liu, Javier Silveira, Robert Groarke, Sohan Parab, Harshaan Singh, Eanna McCarthy, Shadi Karazi, Andre Mussatto, Jared Houghtaling, Inam Ul Ahad & Dermot Brabazon

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, City University London, London, UK

    Sumsun Naher

Authors
  1. Jinghang Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Javier Silveira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Robert Groarke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sohan Parab
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Harshaan Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Eanna McCarthy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Shadi Karazi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Andre Mussatto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Jared Houghtaling
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Inam Ul Ahad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Sumsun Naher
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Dermot Brabazon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Robert Groarke.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

None.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Liu, J., Silveira, J., Groarke, R. et al. Effect of powder metallurgy synthesis parameters for pure aluminium on resultant mechanical properties. Int J Mater Form 12, 79–87 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12289-018-1408-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12289-018-1408-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation