Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Die Rolle humanspezifischer Gene in der Gehirnentwicklung und -evolution

  • Wissenschaft
  • Entwicklungsneurobiologie
  • Published:
BIOspektrum Aims and scope

Abstract

Only about five percent of our genome contains human-specific sequences. These sequences arose mostly from segmental duplications during human evolution and include genes that are unique to the human lineage. Although these genes are currently not well characterised, they may be potential key players in the development of human-specific traits, like an expanded neocortex. Here, we present an overview of the role of human-specific genes during development and evolution of the embryo - nic brain, with a focus on one of these genes, ARHGAP11B (Rho GTPase Activating Protein 11B).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Literatur

  1. Enard W, Przeworski M, Fisher SE et al. (2002) Molecular evolution of FOXP2, a gene involved in speech and language. Nature 418:869–872

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Stedman HH, Kozyak BW, Nelson A et al. (2004) Myosin gene mutation correlates with anatomical changes in the human lineage. Nature 428:415–418

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Florio M, Huttner WB (2014) Neural progenitors, neurogenesis and the evolution of the neocortex. Development 141:2182–2194

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Lui JH, Hansen DV, Kriegstein AR (2011) Development and evolution of the human neocortex. Cell 146:18–36

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Betizeau M, Cortay V, Patti D et al. (2013) Precursor diversity and complexity of lineage relationships in the outer subventricular zone of the primate. Neuron 80:442–457

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Patterson N, Richter DJ, Gnerre S et al. (2006) Genetic evidence for complex speciation of humans and chimpanzees. Nature 441:1103–1108

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Nahon JL (2003) Birth of ‘human-specific’ genes during primate evolution. Genetica 118:193–208

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Eichler EE (2001) Segmental duplications: what’s missing, misassigned, and misassembled–and should we care? Genome Res 11:653–656

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Florio M, Albert M, Taverna E et al. (2015) Humanspecific gene ARHGAP11B promotes basal progenitor amplification and neocortex expansion. Science 347:1465–1470

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Fietz SA, Lachmann R, Brandl H et al. (2012) Transcriptomes of germinal zones of human and mouse fetal neocortex suggest a role of extracellular matrix in progenitor self-renewal. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109:11836–11841

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Sudmant PH, Kitzman JO, Antonacci F et al. (2010) Diversity of human copy number variation and multicopy genes. Science 330:641–646

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Camp JG, Badsha F, Florio M et al. (2015) Human cerebral organoids recapitulate gene expression programs of fetal neocortex development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112:15672–15677

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Zellbiologie und Genetik, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, D-01307, Dresden, Germany

    Michael Heide, Marta Florio & Wieland B. Huttner

Authors
  1. Michael Heide
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Marta Florio
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Wieland B. Huttner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wieland B. Huttner.

Additional information

Michael Heide 2005–2009 Biologiestudium an der Universität Tübingen. 2009–2010 Diplomarbeit am Anatomischen Institut, Tübingen. 2010–2014 Promotion am Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Heidelberg. Seit 2015 Postdoc am Max-Planck- Institut für molekulare Zellbiologie und Genetik, Dresden.

Marta Florio 2007 Bachelor of Philosophy an der Vita-Salute San Raffaele Universität Mailand, Italien; dort 2008–2011 wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin und 2010 Masterarbeit. 2011–2015 Promotion am Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Zellbiologie und Genetik, Dresden; dort seit 2015 Postdoc.

Wieland B. Huttner 1969–1975 Medizinstudium an den Universitäten Hamburg und Oxford, UK. 1972–1976 Doktorarbeit Physiologische Chemie, 1976–1977 Postdoktorand am Max-Planck-Institut für experimentelle Medizin, Göttingen. 1977–1980 Postdoktorand an der Yale Univer sity, New Haven, CT, USA. 1981–1985 Nachwuchsgruppenleiter am Max-Planck-Institut für Psychiatrie, Martinsried. 1985 Habilitation, Physiologische Chemie, Universität Würzburg. 1985–1990 Gruppenleiter am EMBL Heidelberg. 1991–2000 Professor und Direktor am Institut für Neurobiologie, Universität Heidelberg. Seit 1998 Gründungsdirektor am Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Zellbiologie und Genetik, Dresden.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Heide, M., Florio, M. & Huttner, W.B. Die Rolle humanspezifischer Gene in der Gehirnentwicklung und -evolution. Biospektrum 22, 352–355 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12268-016-0695-y

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12268-016-0695-y

Search

Navigation