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Repeated Biodiesel Production Using a Cartridge Containing Solid Catalysts Manufactured from Waste Scallop Shells for Simultaneous Lipid Extraction and Transesterification Process

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Abstract

Biodiesel was produced from waste coffee grounds (WCGs) using solid catalysts manufactured from waste scallop shells through a one-step direct process (OSDP) comprising lipid extraction and simultaneous transesterification in a reactor. To facilitate the reuse of the solid catalysts, a cartridge containing the solid catalysts was devised, and the optimal conditions of the OSDP with the cartridge were investigated. Agitation speed was a critical factor for the operation of this novel process, and should be at least 200 rpm. The optimal total volume of the mixture consisting of methanol and n-hexane (9 mL/g-WCGs) was determined, along with the volume fraction of methanol (18.0%) and n-hexane (82.0%) using a statistical Mixture-Design technique. The optimum catalyst concentration (5.0 wt%), temperature (50°C), and reaction time (13 h) were determined through a Full Factorial Design, followed by a One-Factor-at-a-Time technique. Under these optimum conditions, 8.7% of biodiesel yield was obtained. The concentration of solid catalysts in the cartridge significantly influenced the reuse number of the cartridge. The cartridge containing 5.0 wt% of solid catalysts was reused only for the 2nd round of operation, while that containing 100 wt% of solid catalysts was successfully reused until the 12th round of operation, without a noticeable decrease in biodiesel yield.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2018R1D1A1B07051113). The authors greatly appreciate this support.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Neither ethical approval nor informed consent was required for this study.

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  1. Department of Biochemical Engineering, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, Korea

    Eun Kyung Son & Sung Ho Yeom

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  1. Eun Kyung Son
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Son, E.K., Yeom, S.H. Repeated Biodiesel Production Using a Cartridge Containing Solid Catalysts Manufactured from Waste Scallop Shells for Simultaneous Lipid Extraction and Transesterification Process. Biotechnol Bioproc E 26, 145–155 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12257-020-0039-0

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