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Cross-Linked β-Cyclodextrin Based Nanosponges for Allyl Methyl Sulfide Delivery-Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro Study

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Abstract

Purpose

Our work aims to cross-linked cyclodextrin-based nanosponges for allyl methyl sulfide delivery, physicochemical characterization, and in vitro study.

Method

Plain nanosponges were created using the melting technique to react β-cyclodextrin with the cross-linker diphenyl carbonate at a molar ratio of 1:4, respectively. AFM, FESEM, GC–MS, PDI and zeta potential, PXRD, and FTIR were used to characterize the drug-loaded nanosponges. Additionally, compared to free allyl methyl sulfide, allyl methyl sulfide-nanosponges loaded nanosponges showed superior antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Result

The depth and surface characteristics of the particles were quantified using AFM. It was discovered that the nanosponge size was about 185 nm. The FESEM showed that the AMS-loaded formula had a very porous structure and a sponge-like shape. GCMS: The volatile components in the AMS were identified in the current experiment using GC–MS. With the largest percentage area among them, AMS was identified as a key component (19.753%). PDI and zeta: the AMS loaded NS at a 1:4 w/w ratio was chosen. The table below displays the AMS-typical NS particle size. For AMS-NS, the particle size distribution was likewise within the intended range. FTIR: C-H aliphatic structuring was found in the drug at 2977, 2915, and 2832. Similarly, C–C-structuring was found at 990,913,851. These peaks are also present in the drug-polymer matrix. PXRD: all strong peaks become muted after drug loading into the NS because of a transition to an amorphous state, indicating full drug entrapment. Antioxidant: AMS and AMS-NS were reduced when compared to the standard. This capacity is represented as the number of equivalents of ascorbic acid. Illustrates the DPPH inhibition effect of AMS and AMS-NS at different concentrations. It was observed that the DPPH inhibition effect of AMS was increased. Moreover, the loaded AMS-NS showed a higher reduction in the DPPH concentrations than the standard. Anti-inflammatory: AMS-NS reduced denaturation; the results were compared to the standard and significantly reduced.

Conclusion

The study demonstrated that the complexation of AMS with NS would be a workable strategy for formulation were much greater. Because of this, these investigations showed that nanosponges might be utilized to distribute AMS. Upcoming research on the beta-cyclodextrin nanosponges’ potential for in vivo medication delivery against cancer.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA 2.0) India for providing financial support in the form of a project fellow to Ms. J. Saranya is gratefully acknowledged. The authors gratefully acknowledge the help of A. Arenganathan, Technical Officer, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamilnadu, India, for help with nanoparticle preparation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, Annamalai Nagar, 608 002, India

    Saranya Jawaharlal, Ramachandhiran Duraisamy, Balakrishnan Vaitheeswari & Vinothkumar Veerasamy

  2. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Engineering, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, Annamalai Nagar, 608 002, India

    Selvamuthukumar Subramanian & Venkatesan Palanivel

  3. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, Annamalai Nagar, 608 002, India

    Geetha Devarajan

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  1. Saranya Jawaharlal
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  2. Selvamuthukumar Subramanian
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  3. Venkatesan Palanivel
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  4. Geetha Devarajan
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  5. Ramachandhiran Duraisamy
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  6. Balakrishnan Vaitheeswari
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Contributions

J. Saranya, V. Vinothkumar, S. Selvamuthukumar, and P. Venkatesan designed the experiments. J. Saranya, S. Selvamuthukumar, P. Venkatesan, D. Geetha, D. Ramachandhiran, and B. Vaitheeswari performed the experiments. J. Saranya, V. Vinothkumar, S. Selvamuthukumar, P. Venkatesan analyzed the data. J. Saranya, V. Vinothkumar, and S. Selvamuthukumar wrote the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vinothkumar Veerasamy.

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Jawaharlal, S., Subramanian, S., Palanivel, V. et al. Cross-Linked β-Cyclodextrin Based Nanosponges for Allyl Methyl Sulfide Delivery-Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro Study. J Pharm Innov 18, 1594–1601 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12247-023-09741-6

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