Skip to main content
Log in

Development of 3D Dynamic and 1D Numerical Model for Computing Pulley Ratio of Chain CVT Transmission

  • Published:
International Journal of Automotive Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The pulley ratio of continuously variable transmission (CVT) is one of the most important factors in the quality evaluation for shift smoothness and response. The numerical model with pulley ratio map has been widely used for shift control. It has been obtained with the experimental method but its cost is very expensive. This paper proposes a way to make the pulley ratio map of the chain CVT via virtual simulation to decrease the cost. The 3D dynamic analysis model of it has been developed by using the general purpose dynamic analysis software, DAFUL. The dynamic analysis is carried out to get the pulley ratio map. It has been obtained by varying the ratio of torque, ratio of clamping forces, and changing rate of clamping force. The interpolation function of pulley ratio map is developed using MATLAB Simulink. This method has been verified as compared simulation with experiment result.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alzuwayer, B., Singh, A., Muralidharan, P. and Han, Z. (2016). Model based pressure control of a push belt continuously variable transmission. Modern Mechanical Engineering 6, 4, 99–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Azzuwan, A., Mazali, I., Kob, C., Daud, C. and Asus, Z. (2019). Evaluation of DC motors for clamping force mechanism in an electro-mechanical continuously variable transmission. J. Transport System Engineering 6, 1, 40–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonsen, B., Steinbuch, M. and Veenhuizen, P. (2005). CVT ratio control strategy optimization. IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conf., Chicago, IL, USA.

  • Carbone, G., Mangialardi, L., Bonsen, B., Tursi, C. and Veenhuizen, P. A. (2007). CVT dynamics: Theory and experiments. Mechanism and Machine Theory 42, 4, 409–428.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carbone, G., Mangialardi, L. and Mantriota, G. (2005). The influence of pulley deformations on the shifting mechanisms of metal belt CVT. J. Mechanical Design 127, 1, 103–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crosby, S. and Elgamal, H. (2016). Mathematical modeling of continuously variable transmission (CVT) system. Int. J. Engineering Research and Technology, 5, 2278–0181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunham, W. D., Seok, J., Chen, W., Dai, E., Kolmanovsky, I. and Girard, A. (2017). Control of gear ratio and slip in continuously variable transmissions: A model predictive control approach, SAE Paper No. 2017-01-1104.

  • Fahdzyana, C. A. and Hofman, T. (2019). Integrated design for a CVT: Dynamical optimization of actuation and control. IFAC-PapersOnLine 52, 5, 393–398.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Faust, H. and Linnenbrügger, A. (1998). CVT development at LuK. 6th LuK Symp., 157–179.

  • Francis van der, S., Erik van der, N., and Hendrik de, L. (2013). Key technologies of the pushbelt CVT-status and new developments. Int. J. Automotive Engineering 4, 1, 1–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grzegożek, W., Szczepka, M. and Kot, A. (2017). The analysis of applying CVT gear ratio rate control for scooter efficiency improvement. Asian J. Applied Science and Engineering 6, 2, 73–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hattori, S., Okubo, K., Fujii, T., Watanabe, K., Hayakawa, J. and Ikeda, A. (2019). Change of pitch radius of chain belt and force between shaft accompaning with change of transmitting torque for chain type continuously variable transmission. Trans. Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan 50, 1, 79–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hotait, M. A. and Singh, A. (2017). A 3D multi-body dynamics model for chain-type continuously variable unit. Int. Design Engineering Technical Conf. and Computers and Information in Engineering Conf. (IDETC-CIE), Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

  • Hu, J., Xiao, F., Peng, H. and Zhao, W. (2021). CVT discrete speed ratio optimizations based on energy efficiency for PHEV. Alexandria Engineering J. 61, 5, 4095–4105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, H. (2020). Development of a Numerical Analysis Model for CALCULATING the Pulley Ratio of a CVT Type Transmission. M.S. Thesis. Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lajqi, N. and Mazrekaj, R. (2018). Influence of transmission ratio and contact angel of power split transmission for hybrid vehicle. Int. J. Mechanical Engineering and Technology 9, 1, 601–608.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, Y., Kim, C. and Lee, C. (2019). Advanced simulation approach for dynamic behavior of chain-type CVT. VDI 3rd Int. Conf., CVT in Automotive Applications, Baden-Baden, Germany.

  • Saito, T. (2003). Development of metal pushing v-belt stress simulation for continuously variable transmission. SAE Paper No. 2003-01-0969.

  • Srnik, J. and Pfeiffer, F. (1999). Dynamics of CVT chain drives. Int. J. Vehicle Design, 22, 54–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stepan, O. (2018). Application of numerical integration methods to continuously variable transmission dynamics models. SHS Web of Conf., Gdańsk — Nynäshamn, Poland.

  • Ruan, J., Walker, P. and Zhang, N. (2018). Comparison of power consumption efficiency of CVT and multi-speed transmissions for electric vehicle. Int. J. Automotive Engineering 9, 4, 268–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ryu, W. and Kim, H. (2008). CVT ratio control with consideration of CVT system loss. Int. J. Automotive Technology 9, 4, 459–465.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Q. and Frank, A. A. (2014). Plug-in HEV with CVT: configuration, control, and its concurrent multi-objective optimization by evolutionary algorithm. Int. J. Automotive Technology 15, 1, 103–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wei, C., Hofman, T. and Ilhan Caarls, E. (2021). Co-design of CVT-based electric vehicles. Energies 14, 7, 1825.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yagasaki, T., Aoyama, H., Ichijo, S., Totsuka, H. and Harada, M. (2010). Optimization of V-surface angle for metal pushing V-belt CVT. Honda R&D Technical Review 22, 1, 158–164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yildiz, A. and Kopmaz, O. (2017). A study on the basic control of speed ratio of the CVT system used for electric vehicles. Int. J. Advances in Engineering & Technology 10, 2, 201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yildiz, A. and Kopmaz, O. (2017). Control-oriented modelling with experimental verification and design of the appropriate gains of a PI speed ratio controller of chain CVTs. Strojniški vestnik — J Mechanical Engineering 63, 6, 374–382.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yildiz, A., Piccininni, A., Bottiglione, F. and Carbone, G. (2016). Modeling chain continuously variable transmission for direct implementation in transmission control. Mechanism and Machine Theory, 105, 428–440.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yutani, K., Kataoka, T., Yorinaga, M. and Ninomiya, K. (2017). Analysis of contact and slip behavior of elements in metal pushing belt CVT. Trans. Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan 48, 2, 311–316.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dae Sung Bae.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kim, J.Y., Bae, D.S. Development of 3D Dynamic and 1D Numerical Model for Computing Pulley Ratio of Chain CVT Transmission. Int.J Automot. Technol. 23, 1045–1053 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-022-0091-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-022-0091-1

Key Words

Navigation