Abstract
This paper focuses on the way of keeping shift quality of automatic transmissions consistent in mass production and with mileage accumulation. We investigate the main factors influencing the consistency of shift quality. Test results show that the torque to pressure (T2P) and pressure to current (P2I) characteristics of shifting elements are easily affected. A simulation model of an 8-speed automatic transmission is established to simulate the dynamic process of clutch-to-clutch shift. Simulation results demonstrate that the change of T2P and P2I characteristics has a significant influence on shift quality. In order to compensate for the influences, we develop two adaptive control strategies, i.e., the adaptive control strategies for torque phase and inertia phase. They make use of the measured speed information and time information to evaluate shift quality. Then the control parameters are tuned to adapt to the change of T2P and P2I characteristics. Vehicle tests verify that the developed adaptive control strategies are effective to keep shift quality consistent in mass production and with mileage accumulation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bagot, B., Schmidt, A., Ebner, T. and Altenstrasser, H. (2008). Model-based methodology for the automated optimization of shift quality for automatic transmissions. Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift 110, 5, 12–17.
Bai, S. S., Maguire, J. and Peng, H. (2013). Dynamic Analysis and Control System Design of Automatic Transmissions. 1st Edn. SAE International. Warrendale, Pennsylvania, USA.
Bai, S. S., Moses, R. L., Schanz, T. and Gorman, M. J. (2002). Development of a new clutch-to-clutch shift control technology. SAE Paper No. 2002-01-1252.
Cheng, Y. J., Dong, P., Yang, S. and Xu, X. Y. (2015). Virtual clutch controller for clutch-to-clutch shifts in planetary-type automatic transmission. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2015, 213162.
Cho, D. (1987). Nonlinear Control Methods for Automotive Powertrain Systems. Ph. D. Dissertation. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Depraetere, B., Pinte, G., Symens, W. and Swevers, J. (2011). A two-level iterative learning control scheme for the engagement of wet clutches. Mechatronics 21, 3, 501–508.
Dutta, A., Depraetere, B., Ionescu, C., Pinte, G., Swevers, J. and De Keyser, R. (2014a). Comparison of two-level NMPC and ILC strategies for wet-clutch control. Control Engineering Practice, 22, 114–124.
Dutta, A., Zhong, Y., Depraetere, B., Van Vaerenbergh, K., Ionescu, C., Wyns, B., Pinte, G., Nowe, A., Swevers, J. and De Keyser, R. (2014b). Model-based and model-free learning strategies for wet clutch control. Mechatronics 24, 8, 1008–1020.
Goetz, M., Levesley, M. C. and Crolla, D. A. (2004). Integrated powertrain control of gearshifts on twin clutch transmissions. SAE Paper No. 2004-01-1637.
Guo, W., Wang, S. H., Su, C. G., Li, W. Y., Xu, X. Y. and Cui, L. Y. (2014). Method for precise controlling of the AT shift control system. Int. J. Automotive Technology 15, 4, 683–698.
Haj-Fraj, A. and Pfeiffer, F. (2000). Optimization of gear shift operations in automatic transmissions. The 6th Int. Workshop on Advanced Motion Control, 469–473.
Haj-Fraj, A. and Pfeiffer, F. (2001). Optimal control of gear shift operations in automatic transmissions. J. Franklin Institute 338, 2–3, 371–390.
Haj-Fraj, A. and Pfeiffer, F. (2004). A model based approach for the optimization of gearshifting in automatic transmissions. Int. J. Vehicle Design 28, 1–2–3, 171–188.
Hebbale, K. V. and Kao, C. K. (1995). Adaptive control of shifts in automatic transmissions. Proc. ASME Int. Mechanical Engineering Cong. and Exposition, San Francisco, California, 56, 171–182.
Ibamoto, M., Kuroiwa, H., Minowa, T., Sato, K. and Tsuchiya, J. (1995). Development of smooth shift control system with output torque estimation. SAE Paper No. 950900.
Ibamoto, M., Uchida, M., Kuroiwa, H., Minowa, T. and Sato, K. (1997). Transitional control of gear shift using estimation methods of drive torque without a turbine speed sensor. JSAE Review 18, 1, 71–73.
Küçükay, F., Kassel, T., Alvermann, G. and Gartung, T. (2009). Efficient calibration of automatic transmissions on the roller dynamometer. Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift 111, 3, 46–52.
Kim, D. H., Hahn, J. O., Shin, B. K. and Lee, K. I. (2001). Adaptive compensation control of vehicle automatic transmissions for smooth shift transients based on intelligent supervisor. KSME Int. J. 15, 11, 1472–1481.
Kim, N., Lohse-Busch, H. and Rousseau, A. (2014). Development of a model of the dual clutch transmission in autonomie and validation with dynamometer test data. Int. J. Automotive Technology 15, 2, 263–271.
Liu, Y. F., Dong, P., Liu, Y. and Xu, X. Y. (2016). Design and application of electric oil pump in automatic transmission for efficiency improvement and start-stop function. J. Central South University 23, 3, 570–580.
Lorenz, K., Hofmann, R. and Hönnebeck, K. (1988). Interactive Engine and Transmission Control. Int. Cong. Transportation Electronics, 49–59.
Meng, F., Chen, H., Zhang, T. and Zhu, X. (2015a). Clutch fill control of an automatic transmission for heavy-duty vehicle applications. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 64-65, 16–28.
Meng, F., Tao, G., Zhang, T., Hu, Y. and Geng, P. (2015b). Optimal shifting control strategy in inertia phase of an automatic transmission for automotive applications. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 60-61, 742–752.
Minowa, T., Kimura, H., Ishii, J., Morinaga, S., Shiraishi, T. and Ozaki, N. (1994). Smooth gear shift control system using estimated torque. SAE Paper No. 941013.
Minowa, T., Kurata, K., Kuroiwa, H., Ibamoto, M. and Shida, M. (1996). Smooth gear smooth torque control system using differential value of shaft speed. SAE Paper No. 960431.
Minowa, T., Ochi, T., Kuroiwa, H. and Liu, K. J. (1999). Smooth gear shift control technology for clutch-to-clutch shifting. SAE Paper No. 1999-01-1054.
Narumi, N., Suzuki, H. and Sakakiyama, R. (1990). Trends of powertrain control. SAE Paper No. 901154.
Pinte, G., Depraetere, B., Symens, W., Swevers, J. and Sas, P. (2010). Iterative learning control for the filling of wet clutches. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 24, 7, 1924–1937.
Sawamura, K., Saito, Y., Kuroda, S. and Katoh, A. (1998). Development of an integrated powertrain control system with an electronically controlled throttle. JSAE Review 19, 1, 39–48.
Song, X. Y., Zulkefli, M. A. M. and Sun, Z. X. (2010). Automotive transmission clutch fill optimal control: An experimental investigation. Proc. American Control Conf., 2748–2753.
Song, X. Y., Zulkefli, M. A. M. and Sun, Z. X. (2011). Automotive transmission clutch fill control using a customized dynamic programming method. J. Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 133, 5, 1–9.
Sun, Z. X. and Hebbale, K. V. (2005). Chanllenges and opportunities in automotive transmission control. Proc. American Control Conf., 5, 3284–3289.
Yang, K., Hong, K. and Cho, D. (2001). A robust control for engine and transmission systems: Enhancement of shift quality. JSME Int. J., Series C: Mechanical Systems, Machine Element and Manufacturing 44, 3, 697–707.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shi, G., Dong, P., Sun, H.Q. et al. Adaptive control of the shifting process in automatic transmissions. Int.J Automot. Technol. 18, 179–194 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-017-0018-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-017-0018-4