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Effects of Nitrate Exposure on Nitrate Reduction Processes in the Wetland Sediments from the Yellow River Estuary

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Abstract

Nitrate overloading in estuarine and coastal regions can lead to various environmental problems. However, limited information is available about nitrate reduction processes and their associated contributions to nitrogen removal in estuary environments. In this study, stable isotope tracing, high-throughput sequencing, and qPCR methods were used to explore the effects of different nitrate concentrations (CK, 100 μM, 200 μM, 400 μM, and 600 μM) on the nitrate reduction rates, microbial abundances, and community structures in wetland sediments from the Yellow River estuary. With nitrate concentration increasing, the denitrification rate increased from 1.08 to 5.97 nmol N g−1 h−1, while the anaerobic ammonium oxidation rates decreased from approximate 1.25 to 0.42 nmol N g−1 h−1. Diversity analyses based on high-throughput sequencing data indicated that the Shannon indexes were lower in the 400 and 600 μM nitrate-addition treatments than other treatments, and the 600 μM nitrate treatment has the lowest α-diversity. The β-diversity results showed that the bacterial community compositions were different between the ≤ 200 μM and ≥ 400 μM nitrate concentration treatments. The nitrate concentration can be divided into high (≥ 400μM) and low (≤ 200) groups based on multiple regression analyses. The co-occurrence network revealed that there was a large difference in the bacterial relationship between the two groups. Linear discriminant effect analysis showed that Gammaproteobacteria, Bacilli, and Actinobacteria were the indicator taxa in the high nitrate concentration group. Overall, these results indicate that nitrate is a key factor to influence the nitrate reduction rates and related microbial communities in estuarine environments.

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Data Availability

Sequences of raw sequences and trimmed and filtered sequences can be found at figshare (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14605842). All other data are available from the supplementary tables.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation Project of China (No. U1906223, 42007208), Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (No. ZR2018MD001, ZR2020QD084), COMRA project (No. DY135-B2-17), Funds of the Shandong “Double Tops” Program, and Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research (No. SKLEC-KF201603).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018, China

    Mingcong Li, Jiai Liu, Xiaoyun Wang & Zheng Gao

  2. College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018, China

    Mingcong Li, Jiai Liu, Xiaoyun Wang & Zheng Gao

  3. Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources of PR China, Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen, 361005, China

    Guangshan Wei

  4. South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China

    Guangshan Wei

  5. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China

    Lijun Hou

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  1. Mingcong Li
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Li, M., Wei, G., Liu, J. et al. Effects of Nitrate Exposure on Nitrate Reduction Processes in the Wetland Sediments from the Yellow River Estuary. Estuaries and Coasts 45, 315–330 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-021-00966-7

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