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Temporal Variability of Dark Carbon Fixation and Bacterial Production and Their Relation with Environmental Factors in a Tropical Estuarine System

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Abstract

Dark carbon fixation (DCF) is considered an important energy source in aquatic environments, although it has been neglected for a long time. DCF is known to be relevant in ecosystems associated with redoxclines, shallow-water sulfide-rich habitats, deep-sea vents, cold seeps, and even in coastal waters associated with upwelling events. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative importance of DCF in relation to heterotrophic bacterial production (BP), as well as how these rates affect each other, and how they are influenced by the environmental factors. This study was conducted monthly during 2 years in a tropical eutrophic bay (Guanabara Bay), where two stations were sampled and compared. DCF and BP were measured by 14C-bicarbonate and 3H-leucine incorporation, respectively, and incubations in the dark. Our results showed that DCF is not a quantitatively relevant process in this estuarine system, when compared to heterotrophic BP, and possibly occurred via anaplerotic reactions. Relatively higher DCF rates were associated with less oxygenated waters at the more polluted station and during the wet summer-spring, when the water column is more stratified. BP rates presented clear spatial patterns, according to pollution and depth gradients, with higher rates in more polluted areas, and also at surface waters. The hydrodynamics combined with other environmental conditions (precipitation, temperature, dissolved organic carbon, and nutrients) may control the distribution of DCF and BP over space and time. The allochthonous inputs of organic matter are more important than DCF-derived organic carbon to bacterioplankton in this polluted and eutrophic bay, where the heterotrophic metabolism prevails.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Francisco Matos “Xikão” and many students for their assistance in field sampling, as well as Bruno C. Rego, Luísa O. Dantas and Tainá M.M. Souza for helping to analyze the samples at the Lab of Biogeochemistry (UFRJ). We also thank Prof. Denise Tenenbaum and Prof. Margaretha D.M. van Weerelt for gently sharing the chlorophyll-a and Enterococcus data, respectively. Special thanks to Prof. Jean R.D. Guimarães for providing fundamental guidance on the liquid scintillation analyses. This work was supported by the Brazilian National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development—CNPq (PELD-Guanabara Project 403809/2012-6 and INCT-Mar-COI) and Research Support Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro-FAPERJ (Programa Temático, Process E-26/110114/2013). Alex Enrich-Prast is a researcher fellow from CNPq and “Cientista do Nosso Estado” from the Foundation for Support of Research in the State of Rio de Janeiro-FAPERJ. Camila N. Signori was supported by CNPq Ph.D. fellowship (process number 142848/2010-7) when this research has started, and currently receives a Post Doc fellowship from The São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP 2016/16183-5).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Camila N. Signori

  2. Laboratório de Biogeoquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Camila N. Signori, Ricardo C. G. Pollery & Alex Enrich-Prast

  3. Departamento de Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil. Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil

    Camila N. Signori

  4. Laboratório de Zooplâncton, Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Jean L. Valentin

  5. Department of Thematic Studies - Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

    Alex Enrich-Prast

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  1. Camila N. Signori
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Signori, C.N., Valentin, J.L., Pollery, R.C.G. et al. Temporal Variability of Dark Carbon Fixation and Bacterial Production and Their Relation with Environmental Factors in a Tropical Estuarine System. Estuaries and Coasts 41, 1089–1101 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-017-0338-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-017-0338-7

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