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Tuber Symptoms Associated with Recombinant Strains of Potato virus Y in Specialty Potatoes Under Western Washington Growing Conditions

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Abstract

This study documented the presence of PVYo, PVYNTN, and PVYN-Wi strains in western Washington in 2012 and 2013, representing the first detections of PVYNTN and PVYN-Wi in this potato growing region. Chieftain and Yukon Gold plantings showed an unexplained shift to a higher proportion of PVYN-Wi in 2013 compared to 2012. In 2012, 56.4 % of positive plants pooled across cultivars were affected by PVYN-Wi while 39 % were affected by PVYO. In 2013, PVYN-Wi was the highest represented strain at 79.3 %. Testing of non-symptomatic plants from pre-selected survey sites showed PVYN-Wi comprised 69.5 % in 2012 and 100 % in 2013 of the total strains identified. PVY also impacted the quality of tubers. In both a field and a greenhouse trial, there was a clear association between PVY plant infections and suberized canoe-shaped cracks in progeny tubers. Non-symptomatic (healthy) plants had significantly fewer cracked, and/or discolored and/or malformed tubers compared to suspect and symptomatic plants. Plants negative for PVY at grow-out did not produce cracked tubers while plants positive for PVY produced 22–32 % cracked tubers. Results from subsequent on-farm tuber surveys suggested the same trend, although the relationship was not as clear cut, but observations were derived from sampling in 2013 when sample sizes were limited. Because of the close geographic and economic connection between seed and ware potato production in western Washington and the results derived from these studies, we suggest a systematic and regional approach to PVY management that includes adjustments to current seed certification practices; new research and educational programs that improve knowledge of PVY biology, transmission, and effects on tuber quality; and new field management strategies to reduce vector and virus spread.

Resumen

Este estudio documentó la presencia de variantes de PVYo, PVYNTN y PVYN-Wi en el oeste de Washington en 2012 y 2013, representando las primeras detecciones de PVYNTN y PVYN-Wi en esta región donde se cultiva papa. Las siembras de Chieftain y Yukon Gold mostraron un giro inexplicable a altas proporciones de PVYN-Wi en 2013 comparadas con las del 2012. En 2012, el 56.4 % de plantas positivas agrupadas entre las variedades se afectaron por PVYN-Wi mientras que el 39 % fueron por PVYo. En 2013, PVYN-Wi fue la variante más altamente representada, con 79.3 %. En pruebas a plantas asintomáticas de sitios de muestreo preseleccionados mostraron que PVYN-Wi comprendía el 69.5 % en 2012 y 100 % en 2013 del total de variantes identificadas de PVY que también impactaron la calidad de los tubérculos. En ensayos de campo e invernadero hubo una asociación clara entre infecciones de plantas por PVY y cuarteaduras suberizadas en forma de canoa en tubérculos de progenie. Plantas (sanas) asintomáticas tuvieron significativamente menos cuarteaduras y/o tubérculos decolorados y/o malformados en comparación con plantas sospechosas y sintomáticas. Plantas negativas al PVY durante el crecimiento no produjeron tubérculos cuarteados, mientras que las positivas al virus produjeron 22–32 % de tubérculos con cuarteaduras. Los resultados de inspecciones subsecuentes de tubérculos en el campo sugirieron la misma tendencia, aunque la relación no fue tan clara, pero las observaciones se derivaron de muestreos de 2013, cuando los tamaños de las muestras se limitaron debido a la cercana conección geográfica y económica entre la producción de papa para semilla y para consumo en el oeste de Washington y los resultados se derivaron de estos estudios, por lo que sugerimos un enfoque sistemático y regional para el manejo de PVY que incluya ajustes a las prácticas actuales de certificación de semilla; nuevos programas de investigación y educación que mejoren el conocimiento de la biología del PVY, su transmisión, y sus efectos en la calidad de los tubérculos; y nuevas estrategias de manejo en el campo para reducir la dispersión del vector y del virus.

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Abbreviations

PNW:

Pacific Northwest

WSU Mount Vernon NWREC:

Washington State University Northwestern Washington Research & Extension Center near Mount Vernon, WA

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Northwest Potato Research Consortium, the Washington State Seed Potato Commission, and the various grower collaborators and technical assistants that contributed to this project and assured its completion. We are grateful to Cassandra Funke and Kelsie Evans for their assistance in PVY strain typing, and Babette Gundersen and Colleen Burrows for field work assistance.

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Correspondence to C. A. Benedict.

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Benedict, C.A., McMoran, D.W., Inglis, D.A. et al. Tuber Symptoms Associated with Recombinant Strains of Potato virus Y in Specialty Potatoes Under Western Washington Growing Conditions. Am. J. Potato Res. 92, 593–602 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-015-9472-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-015-9472-6

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