Abstract
The objective of the analysis was to calculate the attainable CO2 emissions associated with the production of one ton of potatoes in a high yield environment in southern Chile. Two field experiments were performed. The first field experiment used an optimal sowing date while the second experiment used a late sowing date. In each experiment, treatments were the factorial combination of (i) four N fertilization rates (0, 75, 150 and 250 kg N ha−1) and (ii) four P fertilization rates (0, 150, 300 33 and 450 kg P2O5 ha−1). The Cool Farm Tool – Potato (CFT) was used to calculate the amount of CO2 produced per one ton of potatoes and LINTUL-Potato was used to simulate potential yields. High variations in tuber yields were observed across experiments (90 and 36 t ha−1). The average tuber yield in experiment one (82 t ha−1) was greater than experiment two (51 t ha−1). Tuber yields were not significantly affected by N fertilization in either experiment. In contrast, tuber yield responded (P < 0.01) positively to P fertilization (10–82 %). The gaps between maximum and potential yields simulated in experiments one and two were 4 and 14 %, respectively. In experiment one, the average total CO2 emissions per ton of potatoes were lower than experiment two (41 and 72 kg CO2 eq t−1, respectively). In both experiments the total CO2 emissions were affected (P < 0.01) by both N and P fertilization. We conclude an average CO2 emission of 46 CO2 eq t−1 could be considered an attainable value for potato production systems with high technology intending to improve their carbon footprints in southern Chile.
Resumen
El objetivo del análisis fue calcular las emisiones de CO2 alcanzables asociadas con la producción de una tonelada de papas en un ambiente de alto rendimiento en el sur de Chile. Se desarrollaron dos experimentos de campo. El experimento uno y dos fueron plantados en una fecha óptima y tardía, respectivamente. En cada experimento los tratamientos resultaron de la combinación factorial de (i) cuatro niveles de fertilización nitrogenada (0, 75, 150, y 250 kg N ha−1) y (ii) cuatro niveles de fertilización fosforada (0, 150, 300, y 450 kg P2O5 ha−1). El modelo Cool Farm Tool-Potato (CFT) se usó para calcular la cantidad de CO2 producida por tonelada de papa y se usó el modelo LINTUL-Papa para simular rendimientos potenciales. Se observaron grandes variaciones en rendimientos de tubérculo a lo largo de los experimentos (90 y 36 t ha−1). El promedio de rendimiento en el experimento uno (82 t ha−1) fue mayor que el del experimento dos (51 t ha−1). Los rendimientos de tubérculo no se afectaron significativamente por la fertilización con N en ningún experimento. En contraste, el rendimiento respondió (P < 0.01) positivamente a la fertilización con P (10–82 %). Las diferencias entre rendimientos máximo y potencial simuladas en los experimentos uno y dos fue 4 y 14 %, respectivamente. En el experimento uno, el promedio de las emisiones totales de CO2 por ton de papa fue más bajo que el del experimento dos (41 y 72 kg de CO2 eq t−1, respectivamente). En ambos experimentos las emisiones totales de CO2 se afectaron (P < 0.01) por la fertilización con N y P. Concluimos que se pudiera considerar un valor alcanzable de un promedio de emisión de CO2 de 46 CO2 eq t−1 para sistemas de producción de papa con alta tecnología, con la intención de mejorar sus huellas de carbono en el sur de Chile.
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Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from Project FIA “Consorcio Tecnológico de la Papa” and Project CONICYT/FONDECYT/INICIACION/ N° 11121190. We particularly wish to thank Marco Uribe for his technical assistance.
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Sandaña, P., Kalazich, J. Attainable CO2 Emission of Ware Potatoes Under High Yield Conditions in Southern Chile. Am. J. Potato Res. 92, 318–325 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-015-9433-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-015-9433-0