Abstract
There has been considerable discussion on the history of the collections gathered by the Botanical Expedition to the Viceroyalty of Peru, members of which remained thirty-four years (1777–1811) collecting in the New World. Two species names in Rauvolfia (Apocynaceae), Rauvolfia flexuosa, the basionym of Citharexylum flexuosum since Don’s combination in 1831, and Rauvolfia macrophylla, now treated as a synonym of the former species name, were published by Ruiz and Pavón based on plant material they collected in Peru as well as material herborized by Tafalla, a subordinate who remained exploring in South America after the return of Ruiz and Pavón to Spain. A third species name, Citharexylum dentatum, was published by Don also based on Peruvian material collected by Tafalla. The resale and/or redistribution to other herbaria of a large part of the material gathered by the expedition members in South America has caused much confusion and hindered proper typification of these names. Based on thorough study of original material, original manuscripts, and pertinent literature, a critical review is provided and lectotypes are designated for the names R. flexuosa, R. macrophylla, and C. dentatum.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature cited
Atkins, S. 2004. Citharexylum. P. 446. In: K Kubitzki. & J. W. Kadereit (eds.), The families and genera of vascular plants, vol. 7. Springer, Berlin and Heidelberg.
Castroviejo, S. 1998. Foreword. Pp. 11–16. In: H. Ruiz. The Journals of Hipólito Ruiz: Spanish botanist in Peru and Chile 1777–1788 (translated by R. E. Schultes and M. J. N. von Thenen de Jaramillo-Arango). Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.
Don, D. 1831. On the characters and affinities of certain genera, chiefly belonging to the Flora Peruana. Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal 10: 229–238.
Estrella, E. 1989. Introducción histórica: la expedición de Juan Tafalla a la Real Audiencia de Quito (1799–1808) y la Flora Huayaquilensis. In: Flora Huayaquilensis sive descriptiones et icones plantarum Huayaquilensium secundum systema Linnaeanum digestae /Auctore Johanne Tafalla, vol. 1: XV–CVI. Icona and Real Jardín Botánico, Madrid.
Estrella, E. 1991. La expedición botánica de Juan Tafalla a la Real Audiencia de Quito 1799–1808. Ediciones Abya-Yala, Quito.
Fernández de Caleya, P. B. 1995. Los herbarios de las expediciones científicas españolas al Nuevo Mundo. Asclepio 47: 185–209.
Hiepko, P. 1987. The collections of the Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem (B) and their history. Englera 7: 219–252.
Hoyos Sáinz, Luis de. 1949. José Celestino Mutis: Naturalista, médico y sacerdote. Editora Nacional, Madrid.
Ibáñez, N., Montserrat, J. M. & Soriano, I. 2006. Collections from the Royal Spanish Expeditions to Latin America in the Institut Botànic de Barcelona (BC), Spain. Willdenowia 36: 595–599.
Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum, vol. 2. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, Stockholm.
Macbride, J. F. 1960. Flora of Peru. Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series 13(5, 2): 539–855.
Miller, H. S. 1970. The herbarium of Aylmer Bourke Lambert: notes on its acquisition, dispersal, and present whereabouts. Taxon 19: 489–553.
Moldenke, H. N. 1958a. Materials towards a monograph of the genus Citharexylum II. Phytologia 6: 262–320.
Moldenke, H. N. 1958b. Materials towards a monograph of the genus Citharexylum III. Phytologia 6: 332–368.
Rodriguez Nozal, R. 1993. La “Oficina de la Flora Americana” (1788–1835) y la marginación del proyecto de las expediciones botánicas ilustradas. Editorial Complutense S.A., Madrid.
Rodriguez Nozal, R. 1994. Las colecciones americanas generadas por las expediciones botánicas de la España Ilustrada: un análisis de su dispersión. Lulloa 17: 403–436.
Ruiz, H. 1998. The Journals of Hipólito Ruiz: Spanish botanist in Peru and Chile 1777–1788 (translated by R. E. Schultes and M. J. N. von Thenen de Jaramillo-Arango). Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.
Ruiz, H. 2007. Relación del viaje hecho a los reinos de Perú y Chile por los botánicos y dibujantes enviados por el Rey para aquella expedición, extractada de los diarios por el orden que llevó en éstos su autor. Introducción, transcripción y notas de Raúl Rodríguez Nozal y Antonio González Bueno. Los Libros de la Catarata, Madrid.
Ruiz, H. & Pavón, J. A. 1799. Flora Peruviana et Chilensis, vol. 2. Typis Gabrielis de Sancha, Madrid. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.814
Sanders, R. W. 2001. The genera of Verbenaceae in the southeastern United States. Harvard Papers in Botany 5: 303–358.
Steele, A. R. 1964. Flowers for the king [The Expedition of Ruiz & Pavón and the Flora of Peru]. Duke University Press, Durham, North Carolina.
Turland N. J., J. H. Wiersema, F. R. Barrie, W. Greuter, D. L. Hawksworth, P. S. Herendeen, S. Knapp, W.-H. Kusber, D.-Z. Li, K. Marhold, T. W. May, J. McNeill, A. M. Monro, J. Prado, M. J. Price & G. F. Smith. 2018. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code). Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten, Germany.
Acknowledgements
We are indebted to Chiara Nepi (FI), Laurent Gautier (G), Ranee Prakash (BM), Christine Niezgoda (F) and Vladimir Dorofeyev (LE) for their help in locating material at their herbaria. Special thanks are given to curators of herbaria BC, CGE, and US who helped with the search of specimens. We are most grateful to Esther García Guillén and Irene Fernández de Tejada de Garay for their insight on the manuscripts held at the Real Jardín Botánico (MA). The first would like to thank to Agustín Elías Costa (MACN) for his constructive criticisms. We are also grateful to Robbin Moran and Benjamin Torke for their significant editorial work, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which helped us to improve the manuscript. Financial support from the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET PIP 00537/13) is gratefully acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Moroni, P., O’Leary, N. Typification of Citharexylum (Verbenaceae) names based on the collections gathered by the Botanical Expedition to the Viceroyalty of Peru. Brittonia 71, 73–81 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-018-9555-z
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-018-9555-z