Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Medium-term changes of vegetation composition on fens of the rural landscape, tested using fixed permanent plots

  • Published:
Folia Geobotanica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Sedge-moss fens are declining and are being replaced by more productive ecosystems in agricultural landscapes as a result of changes in the way how the landscape is used by society. We aim to identify commonalities between changes in vegetation species composition and changes in properties of groundwater on fens. Most similar resurvey studies use non-permanent or semi-permanent plots, while medium-term studies from fixed permanent plots are scarce. We studied fifteen years of change in vegetation composition within thirty permanent 4 × 4 m plots established in 2004 on fifteen sedge-moss fens in the eutrophicated landscape of the Třeboň Basin (Czech Republic, Central Europe). Complete species composition and abundance data, covers of the moss, herb and shrub layers, the mean and maximum height of the herb layer, and water chemistry and water level data were collected in 2004 and 2019 by the same person, and potential changes between 2004 and 2019 were tested. We found a significant compositional change between the two periods within poor and moderately rich fens, with an increasing abundance of woody plants, tall sedges, tall grasses and some fast-growing Sphagnum mosses. The same changes were observed on flooded and rich fens but were insignificant. Increasing ammonium concentrations in initially relatively ammonium-poor fens, a generally decreasing ratio between ammonium and nitrates, and declining water levels accounted significantly for the observed changes in composition. Species richness generally increased because of an increase in matrix-derived non-fen species whereas specialist species decreased in cover. Although massive environmental and compositional changes occurred before 2004, they continued between 2004 and 2019. Intensification of conservation management or reduction of pond farming is therefore needed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

Working data sheets are available as Table S1 in the electronic supplementary material.

References

  • Ahmad S, Liu HJ, Alam S, Gunther A, Jurasinski G, Lennartz B (2021) Meteorological controls on water table dynamics in fen peatlands depend on management regimes. Frontiers Earth Sci 9:630469

    Google Scholar 

  • Asada T, Warner BG, Schiff SL (2005) Effects of shallow flooding on vegetation and carbon pools in boreal peatlands. Appl Veg Sci 8:199–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Barthelmes A, Gerloff D, de Klerk P, Joosten H (2010) Short-term vegetation dynamics of Alnus-dominated peatlands: a high-resolution palaeoecological case study from Western Pomerania (NE Germany). Folia Geobot 45:279–302

    Google Scholar 

  • Bengtsson F, Rydin H, Baltzer JL, Bragazza L, Bu ZJ, Caporn SJM, Dorrepaal E, Flatberg KI, Galanina O, Galka M, Ganeva A, Goia I, Goncharova N, Hájek M, Haraguchi A, Harris LI, Humphreys E, Jiroušek M, Kajukalo K, Karofeld E, Koronatova NG, Kosykh NP, Laine AM, Lamentowicz M, Lapshina E, Limpens J, Linkosalmi M, Ma JZ, Mauritz M, Mitchell EAD, Munir TM, Natali SM, Natcheva R, Payne RJ, Philippov DA, Rice SK, Robinson S, Robroek BJM, Rochefort L, Singer D, Stenoien HK, Tuittila ES, Vellak K, Waddington JM, Granath G (2021) Environmental drivers of Sphagnum growth in peatlands across the Holarctic region. J Ecol 109:417–431

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berendse F, van Breemen N, Rydin H, Buttler A, Heijmans M, Hoosbeek MR, Lee JA, Mitchell E, Saarinen T, Vasander H, Wallen B (2001) Raised atmospheric CO2 levels and increased N deposition cause shifts in plant species composition and production in Sphagnum bogs. Global Change Biol 7:591–598

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergamini A, Peintinger M, Fakheran S, Moradi H, Schmid B, Joshi J (2009) Loss of habitat specialists despite conservation management in fen remnants 1995–2006. Perspect Pl Ecol Evol Syst 11:65–79

    Google Scholar 

  • Billeter R, Peintinger M, Diemer M (2007) Restoration of montane fen meadows by mowing remains possible after 4–35 years of abandonment. Bot Helv 117:1–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Bollens U, Gusewell S, Klotzli F (2001) Vegetation changes in two Swiss fens affected by eutrophication and desiccation. Bot Helv 111:121–137

    Google Scholar 

  • Bombonato L, Siffi C, Gerdol R (2010) Variations in the foliar nutrient content of mire plants: effects of growth-form based grouping and habitat. Pl Ecol 211:235–251

    Google Scholar 

  • ter Braak CJF, Šmilauer P (2012) Canoco reference manual and users guide: Software for ordination (version 5.0). Microcomputer Power, Ithaca

  • Březina P, Hadač E, Ježek V, Kubička J (1963) Poznámky o vegetaci Třeboňských blat. Sborn Pedagog Inst Plzni 4:207–272

    Google Scholar 

  • Coufal R, Ryelandt J, Peterka T, Dítě D, Hájková P, Hájek M, Horsáková V, Horsák M (2021) Land snail community patterns related to regional habitat conservation status of European spring fens. Sci Total Environm 783:146910

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diemer M, Oetiker K, Billeter R (2001) Abandonment alters community composition and canopy structure of Swiss calcareous fens. Appl Veg Sci 4:237–246

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox J, Weisberg S (2019) An R companion to applied regression. Third Edition. Sage

  • Graf U, Wildi O, Kuchler M, Ecker K (2010) Five-year changes in Swiss mire vegetation. Bot Helv 120:15–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Grootjans AP, Hunneman H, Verkiel H, van Andel J (2005) Long-term effects of drainage on species richness of a fen meadow at different spatial scales. Basic Appl Ecol 6:185–193

    Google Scholar 

  • Grootjans A, Wolejko L, de Mars H, Smolders AJP, van Dijk G (2021) On the hydrological relationship between Petrifying-springs, Alkaline-fens, and Calcareous-spring-mires in the lowlands of North-West and Central Europe; consequences for restoration. Mires & Peat 27

  • Hájek M, Hájková P (2011) Vegetace slatinišť, přechodových rašelinišť a vrchovištních šlenků (Scheuchzerio palustris-Caricetea nigrae). In M Chytry (ed) Vegetace České republiky 3. Academia, Praha, pp 614–704

    Google Scholar 

  • Hájek M, Horsák M, Hájková P, Dítě D (2006) Habitat diversity of central European fens in relation to environmental gradients and an effort to standardise fen terminology in ecological studies. Perspect Pl Ecol Evol Syst 8:97–114

    Google Scholar 

  • Hájek M, Horsák M, Tichý L, Hájková P, Dítě D, Jamrichová E (2011) Testing a relict distributional pattern of fen plant and terrestrial snail species at the Holocene scale: a null model approach. J Biogeogr 38:742–755

    Google Scholar 

  • Hájek M, Plesková Z, Syrovatka V, Peterka T, Laburdova J, Kintrova K, Jiroušek M, Hájek T (2014) Patterns in moss element concentrations in fens across species, habitats, and regions. Perspect Pl Ecol Evol Syst 16:203–218

    Google Scholar 

  • Hájek M, Jiroušek M, Navrátilová J, Horodyská E, Peterka T, Plesková Z, Navrátil J, Hájková P, Hájek T (2015) Changes in the moss layer in Czech fens indicate early succession triggered by nutrient enrichment. Preslia 87:279–301

    Google Scholar 

  • Hájek M, Horsáková V, Hájková P, Coufal R, Dítě D, Němec T, Horsák M (2020) Habitat extremity and conservation management stabilise endangered calcareous fens in a changing world. Sci Total Environm 719:134693

    Google Scholar 

  • Hájek M, Těšitel J, Tahvanainen T, Peterka T, Jiménez-Alfaro B, Jansen F, Perez-Haase A, Garbolino E, Carbognani M, Kolari THM, Hájková P, Jandt U, Aunina L, Pawlikowski P, Ivchenko T, Tomaselli M, Tichý L, Dítě D, Plesková Z, Mikulášková E (2022) Rising temperature modulates pH niches of fen species. Global Change Biol 28:1023–1037

    Google Scholar 

  • Hájková P, Hájek M, Rybníček K, Jiroušek M, Tichý L, Králová S, Mikulášková E (2011) Long-term vegetation changes in bogs exposed to high atmospheric deposition, aerial liming and climate fluctuation. J Veg Sci 22:891–904

    Google Scholar 

  • Hájková P, Horsák M, Hájek M, Lacina A, Buchtová H, Pelánková B (2012) Origin and contrasting succession pathways of the Western Carpathian calcareous fens revealed by plant and mollusc macrofossils. Boreas 41:690–706

    Google Scholar 

  • Hájková P, Štechová T, Šoltés R, Šmerdová E, Plesková Z, Dítě D, Bradáčová J, Mútňanová M, Singh P, Hájek M (2018) Using a new database of plant macrofossils of the Czech and Slovak Republics to compare past and present distributions of hypothetically relict fen mosses. Preslia 90:367–386

    Google Scholar 

  • Hájková P, Jamrichová E, Wiezik M, Peterka T, Petr L, Singh P, Máliš F, Fajmonová Z, Hájek M (2019) Spruce representation in zonal woodlands may be overestimated when using pollen spectra from peatlands. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 271:104104

    Google Scholar 

  • Hájková P, Horsáková V, Peterka T, Janeček Š, Galvánek D, Dítě D, Horník J, Horsák M, Hájek M (2022) Conservation and restoration of Central European fens by mowing: a consensus from 20 years of experimental work. Sci Total Environm 846:157293

    Google Scholar 

  • Hájková P, Jamrichová E, Šolcová A, Frodlová J, Petr L, Dítě D, Hájek M, Horsák M (2020) Can relict-rich communities be of an anthropogenic origin? Palaeoecological insight into conservation strategy for endangered Carpathian travertine fens. Quatern Sci Rev 234

  • Hedwall PO, Brunet J, Rydin H (2017) Peatland plant communities under global change: negative feedback loops counteract shifts in species composition. Ecology 98:150–161

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hinzke T, Tanneberger F, Aggenbach C, Dahlke S, Knorr KH, Kotowski W, Kozub L, Lange J, Li GX, Pronin E, Seeber E, Wichtmann W, Kreyling J (2021) Can nutrient uptake by Carex counteract eutrophication in fen peatlands? Sci Total Environm 785:147276

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hlaváč D, Adámek Z, Hartman P, Masilko J (2014) Effects of supplementary feeding in carp ponds on discharge water quality: a review. Aquac Int 22:299–320

    Google Scholar 

  • Jablońska E, Pawlikowski P, Jarzombkowski F, Chormanski J, Okruszko T, Klosowski S (2011) Importance of water level dynamics for vegetation patterns in a natural percolation mire (Rospuda fen, NE Poland). Hydrobiologia 674:105–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Jablońska E, Pawlikowski P, Jarzombkowski F, Tarapata M, Klosowski S (2019) Thirty years of vegetation dynamics in the Rospuda fen (NE Poland). Mires & Peat 24

  • Jensen K, Schrautzer J (1999) Consequences of abandonment for a regional fen flora and mechanisms of successional change. Appl Veg Sci 2:79–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiménez-Alfaro B, Fernandéz-Pascual E, Gonzalez TED, Pérez-Haase A, Ninot JM (2012) Diversity of rich fen vegetation and related plant specialists in mountain refugia of the Iberian Peninsula. Folia Geobot 47:403–419

    Google Scholar 

  • Kajgrová L, Adámek Z, Regenda J, Bauer C, Stejskal V, Pecha O, Hlaváč D (2021) Macrozoobenthos assemblage patterns in European carp (Cyprinus carpio) ponds – the importance of emersed macrophyte beds. Knowl Managem Aquatic Ecosyst 422:9

    Google Scholar 

  • Kapfer J, Grytnes JA, Gunnarsson U, Birks HJB (2011) Fine-scale changes in vegetation composition in a boreal mire over 50 years. J Ecol 99:1179–1189

    Google Scholar 

  • Klika J (1935) Příspěvek k poznání rostlinných společenstev na rašelinách (Svaz Rhynchosporion). Sborn Českoslov Akad Zeměd10:118–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Klimkowska A, Bekker RM, Van Diggelen R, Kotowski W (2010) Species trait shifts in vegetation and soil seed bank during fen degradation. Pl Ecol 206:59–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Klove B, Berglund K, Berglund O, Weldon S, Maljanen M (2017) Future options for cultivated Nordic peat soils: Can land management and rewetting control greenhouse gas emissions? Environm Sci Policy 69:85–93

    Google Scholar 

  • Koch M, Jurasinski G (2015) Four decades of vegetation development in a percolation mire complex following intensive drainage and abandonment. Pl Ecol Diversity 8:49–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolari THM, Korpelainen P, Kumpula T, Tahvanainen T (2021) Accelerated vegetation succession but no hydrological change in a boreal fen during 20 years of recent climate change. Ecol & Evol 11:7602–7621

    Google Scholar 

  • Kooijman AM, Paulissen M (2006) Higher acidification rates in fens with phosphorus enrichment. Appl Veg Sci 9:205–212

    Google Scholar 

  • Kool A, Heijmans M (2009) Dwarf shrubs are stronger competitors than graminoid species at high nutrient supply in peat bogs. Pl Ecol 204:125–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Kozub Ł, Goldstein K, Dembicz I, Wilk M, Wyszomirski T, Kotowski W (2019) To mow or not to mow? Plant functional traits help to understand management impact on rich fen vegetation. Appl Veg Sci 22:27–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuchler H, Grunig A, Hangartner R, Kuchler M (2009) Vegetation change and effects of cattle grazing in the transition mire “Burgmoos”. Bot Helv 119:95–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuypers MMM, Marchant HK, Kartal B (2018) The microbial nitrogen-cycling network. Nat Rev Microbiol 16:263–276

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Laitinen J, Oksanen J, Kaakinen E, Peterka T, Moen A, Tahvanainen T (2021) Gradients, species richness and communities in eastern Finnish sloping fens. Ann Bot Fenn 58:289–312

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamers LPM, Smolders AJP, Roelofs JGM (2002) The restoration of fens in the Netherlands. Hydrobiologia 478:107–130

    Google Scholar 

  • Malson K, Backeus I, Rydin H (2008) Long-term effects of drainage and initial effects of hydrological restoration on rich fen vegetation. Appl Veg Sci 11:99–106

    Google Scholar 

  • Menichino NM, Fenner N, Pullin AS, Jones PS, Guest J, Jones L (2016) Contrasting response to mowing in two abandoned rich fen plant communities. Ecol Engin 86:210–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Middleton BA, Holsten B, van Diggelen R (2006) Biodiversity management of fens and fen meadows by grazing, cutting and burning. Appl Veg Sci 9:307–316

    Google Scholar 

  • Mucina L, Bultmann H, Dierssen K, Theurillat JP, Raus T, Carni A, Šumberová K, Willner W, Dengler J, Garcia RG, Chytry M, Hájek M, Di Pietro R, Iakushenko D, Pallas J, Daniels FJA, Bergmeier E, Santos Guerra A, Ermakov N, Valachovic M, Schaminee JHJ, Lysenko T, Didukh YP, Pignatti S, Rodwell JS, Capelo J, Weber HE, Solomeshch A, Dimopoulos P, Aguiar C, Hennekens SM, Tichý L (2016) Vegetation of Europe: hierarchical floristic classification system of vascular plant, bryophyte, lichen, and algal communities. Appl Veg Sci 19:3–264

    Google Scholar 

  • Navrátilová J, Navrátil J (2005) Vegetation gradients in fishpond mires in relation to seasonal fluctuations in environmental factors. Preslia 77:405–418

    Google Scholar 

  • Navrátilová J, Navrátil J, Hájek M (2006) Relationships between environmental factors and vegetation in nutrient-enriched fens at fishpond margins. Folia Geobot 41:353–376

    Google Scholar 

  • Navrátilová J, Hájek M, Navrátil J, Hájková P, Frazier RJ (2017) Convergence and impoverishment of fen communities in a eutrophicated agricultural landscape of the Czech Republic. Appl Veg Sci 20:225–235

    Google Scholar 

  • Navrátilová J, Havlíček M, Navrátil J, Frazier RJ (2019) Land cover changes on temperate organic substrates over last 150years: evidence from the Czech Republic. Biologia 74:361–373

    Google Scholar 

  • Navrátilová J, Chytrý M (2013) Svaz LFD Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinion sylvestris Passarge 1968. In Chytrý M (ed.) Vegetace České republiky 4. Academia, Praha, pp 419–432

  • Nekola JC (1999) Paleorefugia and neorefugia: the influence of colonisation history on community pattern and process. Ecology 80:2459–2473

    Google Scholar 

  • Osadowski Z, Drzymulska D, Dobrowolski R, Mazurek M (2019) Current state and vegetation history of spring-fed fens in Western Pomerania (Northern Poland): a case study of the Chociel River valley. Wetlands Ecol Managem 27:23–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Pasquet S, Pellerin S, Poulin M (2015) Three decades of vegetation changes in peatlands isolated in an agricultural landscape. Appl Veg Sci 18:220–229

    Google Scholar 

  • Paulissen M, van der Ven PJM, Dees AJ, Bobbink R (2004) Differential effects of nitrate and ammonium on three fen bryophyte species in relation to pollutant nitrogen input. New Phytol 164:451–458

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterka T, Tichý L, Horsáková V, Hájková P, Coufal R, Petr L, Dítě D, Hradílek Z, Hrivnák R, Jiroušek M, Plášek V, Plesková Z, Singh P, Šmerdová E, Štechová T, Mikuláškova E, Horsák M, Hájek M (2022) The long history of rich fens supports persistence of plant and snail habitat specialists. Biodivers & Conservation 31:39–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Qian J, Jin W, Hu J, Wang PF, Wang C, Lu BH, Li K, He XX, Tang SJ (2021) Stable isotope analyses of nitrogen source and preference for ammonium versus nitrate of riparian plants during the plant growing season in Taihu Lake Basin. Sci Total Environm 763:143029

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rochefort L, Campeau S, Bugnon JL (2002) Does prolonged flooding prevent or enhance regeneration and growth of Sphagnum? Aquatic Bot 74:327–341

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross LC, Speed JDM, Oien DI, Grygoruk M, Hassel K, Lyngstad A, Moen A (2019) Can mowing restore boreal rich-fen vegetation in the face of climate change? PLOS One 14: e0211272

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ruosteenoja K, Markkanen T, Venalainen A, Raisanen P, Peltola H (2018) Seasonal soil moisture and drought occurrence in Europe in CMIP5 projections for the 21st century. Clim Dynam 50:1177–1192

    Google Scholar 

  • Rybníček K (1970) Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl., its distribution, communities and habitat conditions in Czechoslovakia. Folia Geobot Phytotax 5:145–162, 221–263

  • Scanga SE, Leopold DJ (2012) Managing wetland plant populations: lessons learned in Europe may apply to North American fens. Biol Conservation 148:69–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Schenková V, Horsák M, Hájek M, Plesková Z, Dítě D, Pawlikowski P (2014) Mollusc and plant assemblages controlled by different ecological gradients at Eastern European fens. Acta Oecol 56:66–73

    Google Scholar 

  • Schrautzer J, Sival F, Breuer M, Runhaar H, Fichtner A (2013) Characterising and evaluating successional pathways of fen degradation and restoration. Ecol Indicators 25:108–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Segerstrom U, Emanuelsson M (2002) Extensive forest grazing and hay-making on mires – vegetation changes in south-central Sweden due to land use since Medieval times. Veg Hist & Archaeobot 11:181–190

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh P, Těšitel J, Plesková Z, Peterka T, Hájková P, Dítě D, Pawlikowski P, Hájek M (2019) The ratio between bryophyte functional groups impacts vascular plants in rich fens. Appl Veg Sci 22:494–507

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh P, Ekrtová E, Holá E, Štechová T, Grill S, Hájek M (2021) Restoration of rare bryophytes in degraded rich fens: the effect of sod-and-moss removal. J Nat Conservation 59:125928

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh P, Hájková P, Jiroušek M, Lizoňová Z, Peterka T, Piesková Z, Šímová A, Šmerdová E, Štechová T, Hájek M (2022) Can Sphagnum removal reverse undesired succession of rich fens under different alkalinity and fertility levels? Ecol Applic Early View:e2691

  • Sperle T, Bruelheide H (2021) Climate change aggravates bog species extinctions in the Black Forest (Germany). Diversity & Distrib 27:282–295

    Google Scholar 

  • Štechová T, Hájek M, Hájková P, Navrátilová J (2008) Comparison of habitat requirements of the mosses Hamatocaulis vernicosus, Scorpidium cossonii and Warnstorfia exannulata in different parts of temperate Europe. Preslia 80:399–410

    Google Scholar 

  • Tahvanainen T (2004) Water chemistry of mires in relation to the poor-rich vegetation gradient and contrasting geochemical zones of the north-eastern Fennoscandian Shield. Folia Geobot 39:353–369

    Google Scholar 

  • Tello-Garcia E, Huber L, Leitinger G, Peters A, Newesely C, Ringler ME, Tasser E (2020) Drought- and heat-induced shifts in vegetation composition impact biomass production and water use of alpine grasslands. Environm Exp Bot 169:103921

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomassen HBM, Smolders AJP, Lamers LPM, Roelofs JGM (2003) Stimulated growth of Betula pubescens and Molinia caerulea on ombrotrophic bogs: role of high levels of atmospheric nitrogen deposition. J Ecology 91:357–370

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Horst D, Martinát S, Navrátil J, Dvořák P, Chmielová P (2018) What can the location of biogas plants tell us about agricultural change? A case study from the Czech Republic. Deturope 10:33–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Veeken A, Wassen MJ (2020) Impact of local- and regional-scale restoration measures on a vulnerable rich fen in the Naardermeer nature reserve (the Netherlands). Pl Ecol 221:893–911

    Google Scholar 

  • Venterink HO, Wassen MJ, Verkroost AWM, de Ruiter PC (2003) Species richness-productivity patterns differ between N-, P-, and K-limited wetlands. Ecology 84:2191–2199

    Google Scholar 

  • Verhoeven JTA, Beltman B, Dorland E, Robat SA, Bobbink R (2011) Differential effects of ammonium and nitrate deposition on fen phanerogams and bryophytes. Appl Veg Sci 14:149–157

    Google Scholar 

  • Wassen MJ, Olde Venterink H (2006) Comparison of nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes in some European fens and floodplains. Appl Veg Sci 9:213–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Zechmeister H, Tribsch A, Moser D, Wrbka T (2002) Distribution of endangered bryophytes in Austrian agricultural landscapes. Biol Conservation 103:173–182

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank RNDr. Michal Pavonič (Masaryk University) for arranging and conducting water chemistry analyses of 2019 samples. The research was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (project No. 19-01775S).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-61137, Brno, Czechia

    Jana Navrátilová & Michal Hájek

  2. Department of Functional Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, CZ-379 82, Třeboň, Czechia

    Jana Navrátilová

  3. Department of Environmental Geography, Institute of Geonics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Drobného 28, CZ-60200, Brno, Czechia

    Josef Navrátil

Authors
  1. Jana Navrátilová
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Josef Navrátil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Michal Hájek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Jana Navrátilová or Michal Hájek.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Navrátilová, J., Navrátil, J. & Hájek, M. Medium-term changes of vegetation composition on fens of the rural landscape, tested using fixed permanent plots. Folia Geobot 57, 151–166 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12224-022-09421-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12224-022-09421-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation