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Probiotic characteristics of bacteriocin-producing Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from human milk and colostrum

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Abstract

As potential probiotic traits of human milk-isolated bacteria have increasingly been recognized, this study aimed to evaluate the probiotic properties of bacteriocin-producing Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from human milk and colostrum. Among 118 human milk- and colostrum-isolated lactic cocci, only 29 were identified as Enterococcus. Of these, only four Enterococcus faecium isolates exhibited bacteriocigenic activity against several pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria, including Listeria monocytogenes. These isolates exhibited high acid (up to pH 3.0) and bile tolerance (0.5% oxgall) in simulated gastrointestinal conditions, demonstrating their ability to survive through the upper gastrointestinal tract. All of the E. faecium strains were shown to be sensitive to most of the antibiotics including vancomycin, tetracycline, rifampicin, and erythromycin, while they were resistant to kanamycin and chloramphenicol. None of the strains showed any virulence (gelE, agg2, clyA, clyB, clyM) and antibiotic resistance genes (vanA, vanB, ermB, tetM, and aac(6′)-le-aph(2″)-la). In addition, all the strains were able to assimilate cholesterol, ranging between 25.2–64.1% and they exhibited variable adherence (19–36%) to Caco-2 cells. Based on the overall results of this in vitro study, four of the E. faecium strains isolated from human milk and colostrum can be considered as promising probiotic candidates; however, further in vivo evaluations are required.

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Funding

Authors would like to thank the Hacettepe University Scientific Research Coordination Unit (Project number: 4753) for financial support to this research project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Trakya University, 22180, Edirne, Turkey

    Ufuk Bagci

  2. Department of Food Engineering, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey

    Sine Ozmen Togay

  3. Department of Food Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

    Ayhan Temiz

  4. Department of Food Technology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey

    Mustafa Ay

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  1. Ufuk Bagci
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Correspondence to Ufuk Bagci.

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The human milk samples were collected from the volunteers at Hacettepe University Hospital. The study protocol was approved by the Committee on Ethical Practice of the Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.

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Bagci, U., Ozmen Togay, S., Temiz, A. et al. Probiotic characteristics of bacteriocin-producing Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from human milk and colostrum. Folia Microbiol 64, 735–750 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-019-00687-2

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