Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Hydrogenation of commercial polystyrene over Pd/BaSO4 catalysts: Effect of carrier structure

  • Published:
Transactions of Tianjin University Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A variety of barium sulfate (BaSO4) carriers with or without mesopore structure were synthesized via precipitation reaction in aqueous solution of barium hydroxide and sulfuric acid with ethylene glycol as a modifying agent, and then calcined at various temperatures. The obtained BaSO4 was used as catalyst carriers for polystyrene (PS) hydrogenation, and BaSO4 supported palladium (Pd) catalysts with Pd content of 5wt% were prepared by using impregnation method. N2 physisorption, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and kinetics studies were used to investigate the effect of carrier structure on the dispersion and geometric location of active metal and their catalytic activities in PS hydrogenation. It was found that the pore structure of carrier played an important role in the dispersion and location of Pd grains. The activation energy values for all the Pd/BaSO4 catalysts were around 49.1 kJ/mol, while the pre-exponential factor for Pd/BSC-6H was much higher than others. The Pd/BSC-6H without mesopores had Pd grains deposited on the external surface of the carrier, and exhibited better activity than the mesoporous catalysts. It is indicated that the utilization of Pd/BSC-6H can reduce the pore diffusion of PS coils and enabled more active sites to participate in the PS hydrogenation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Hucul D A, Hahn S F. Catalytic hydrogenation of polystyrene[J]. Advanced Materials, 2000, 12(23): 1855–1858.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Wang H, Yang L, Scott S et al. Organic solvent-free catalytic hydrogenation of diene-based polymer nanoparticles in latex form. Part II. Kinetic analysis and mechanistic study[J]. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 2012, 50(22): 4612–4627.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Wang H, Pan Q, Rempel G L. Diene-based polymer nanoparticles: Preparation and direct catalytic latex hydrogenation[J]. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 2012, 50(11): 2098–2110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Wang H, Pan Q, Rempel G L. Organic solvent-free catalytic hydrogenation of diene-based polymer nanoparticles in latex form: Part I. Preparation of nanosubstrate[ J]. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 2012, 50(22): 4656–4665.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Boldrini D E, Sánchez M J F, Tonetto G M et al. Monolithic stirrer reactor: Performance in the partial hydrogenation of sunflower oil[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2012, 51(38): 12222–12232.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bates F S, Fredrickson G H, Hucul D et al. PCHE-based pentablock copolymers: Evolution of a new plastic[J]. AIChE Journal, 2001, 47(4): 762–765.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Konuspayev S R, Schaimardan M, Murzin D Y. Kinetics of liquid-phase benzene hydrogenation on Rh/C[J]. Research on Chemical Intermediates, 2009, 35(1): 1–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Toppinen S, Rantakylä T K, Salmi T et al. Kinetics of the liquid-phase hydrogenation of benzene and some monosubstituted alkylbenzenes over a nickel catalyst[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 1996, 35(6): 1824–1833.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Wuchter N, Schäfer P, Schüler C et al. Comparison of selective gas phase and liquid phase hydrogenation of (cyclo-) alkadienes towards cycloalkenes on Pd/alumina egg-shell catalysts[J]. Chemical Engineering & Technology, 2006, 29(12): 1487–1495.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Metaxas K, Papayannakos N. Gas-liquid mass transfer in a bench-scale trickle bed reactor used for benzene hydrogenation[J]. Chemical Engineering & Technology, 2008, 31(10): 1410–1417.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Rosedale J, Bates F. Heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of poly (vinylethylene)[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1988, 110(11): 3542–3545.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Nakatani H, Nitta K, Soga K. Effect of hydrogenation on dynamic mechanical relaxation 1. Atactic polystyrene[J]. Polymer, 1998, 39(18): 4273–4278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Ness J S, Brodil J C, Bates F S et al. Molecular weight effects in the hydrogenation of model polystyrenes using platinum supported on wide-pore silica[J]. Macromolecules, 2002, 35(3): 602–609.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Xu D, Carbonell R G, Kiserow D J et al. Kinetic and transport processes in the heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of polystyrene[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2003, 42(15): 3509–3515.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Chang J R, Huang S M. Pd/Al2O3 catalysts for selective hydrogenation of polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-blockpolystyrene thermoplastic elastomers[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 1998, 37(4): 1220–1227.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. Almusaiteer K A. Effect of supports on the catalytic hydrogenation of polystyrene[J]. Topics in Catalysis, 2012, 55(7–10): 498–504.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Han K Y, Zuo H R, Zhu Z W et al. High performance of palladium nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes for the hydrogenation of commercial polystyrene[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2013, 52(50): 17750–17759.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Nagaraja B M, Abimanyu H, Jung K D et al. Preparation of mesostructured barium sulfate with high surface area by dispersion method and its characterization[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2007, 316(2): 645–651.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Murzin D Y, Kul’kova N. Non-equilibrium effects in the liquid-phase catalytic hydrogenation[J]. Catalysis Today, 1995, 24(1): 35–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Scheutjens J, Fleer G. Statistical theory of the adsorption of interacting chain molecules. 2. Train, loop, and tail size distribution[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1980, 84(2): 178–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Dong L B, Turgman-Cohen S, Roberts G W et al. Effect of polymer size on heterogeneous catalytic polystyrene hydrogenation[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2010, 49(22): 11280–11286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Xu D, Carbonell R G, Roberts G W et al. Phase equilibrium for the hydrogenation of polystyrene in CO2-swollen solvents[J]. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2005, 34(1): 1–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Dong L B, Carbonell R G, Roberts G W et al. Determination of polystyrene-carbon dioxidedecahydronaphthalene solution properties by high pressure dynamic light scattering[J]. Polymer, 2009, 50(24): 5728–5732.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Dong L B, McVicker G B, Kiserow D J et al. Hydrogenation of polystyrene in CO2-expanded liquids: The effect of catalyst composition on deactivation[J]. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2010, 384(1/2): 45–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Xu D, Carbonell R G, Kiserow D J et al. Hydrogenation of polystyrene in CO2-expanded solvents: Catalyst poisoning[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2005, 44(16): 6164–6170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Cain N, Haywood A, Roberts G et al. Polystyrene/decahydronaphthalene/propane phase equilibria and polymer conformation properties from intrinsic viscosities[J]. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 2011, 49(15): 1093–1100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Cain N, Roberts G, Kiserow D et al. Modeling the thermodynamic and transport properties of decahydronaphthalene/propane mixtures: Phase equilibria, density, and viscosity[J]. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2011, 305(1): 25–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. UNILAB, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China

    Kaiyue Han  (韩凯悦), Chen Meng  (孟 晨), Zhenwei Zhu  (朱振炜) & Guiping Cao  (曹贵平)

Authors
  1. Kaiyue Han  (韩凯悦)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chen Meng  (孟 晨)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zhenwei Zhu  (朱振炜)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Guiping Cao  (曹贵平)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Guiping Cao  (曹贵平).

Additional information

Supported by the Non-governmental International Science and Technology Cooperation Program from the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No. 10520706000), Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No. 20110074110012) and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Open Fund (No. SKL-ChE-09C07).

Han Kaiyue, born in 1988, female, doctorate student.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Han, K., Meng, C., Zhu, Z. et al. Hydrogenation of commercial polystyrene over Pd/BaSO4 catalysts: Effect of carrier structure. Trans. Tianjin Univ. 20, 282–291 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12209-014-2363-y

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12209-014-2363-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation