Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Design of an aerodynamic load simulator for pintle actuators

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, a novel aerodynamic load simulator design for a pintle actuator is proposed. The proposed load simulator is composed of two ring magnets magnetized along their geometric axes and a ferromagnetic disk between them. The net magnetic force on the disk is transmitted by a nonmagnetic rod that is attached to the disk and moves through the ring magnets’ internal holes. The force is then amplified by a lever between the rod and actuator. The size of the disk, size of the magnets, size of the magnet brackets, and fixed distance between the two magnets are parameterized to reproduce a target load profile using finite element method magnetics (FEMM) software. The FEMM results show that the net force profile along the disk’s position is similar to the target load profile according to the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis results of pintle’s operating conditions. Based on the FEMM results, all parts of the load generating unit are machined and assembled to build a prototype of the aerodynamic load simulator for the pintle actuator. The test results of the developed magnet-based load simulator are compared with FEMM results and with the test results of a conventional spring-based load simulator to verify the effectiveness of the developed load simulator.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

μ 0 :

Vacuum magnetic permeability

μ r :

Relative magnetic permeability

d brk1 :

Inner diameter of bracket 1

d brk2 :

Inner diameter of bracket 2

d dk :

Inner diameter of the disk

d m1 :

Inner diameter of magnet 1

d m2 :

Inner diameter of magnet 2

D brk1 :

Outer diameter of bracket 1

D brk2 :

Outer diameter of bracket 2

D dk :

Outer diameter of disk

D m1 :

Outer diameter of magnet 1

D m2 :

Outer diameter of magnet 2

g brk1 :

Gap between magnet 1 and bracket 1

g brk2 :

Gap between magnet 2 and bracket 2

h brk1 :

Inner height of bracket 1

h brk2 :

Inner height of bracket 2

H brk1 :

Outer height of bracket 1

H brk2 :

Outer height of bracket 2

H c :

Magnetic coercivity

H dk :

Height of the disk

H m1 :

Height of magnet 1

H m2 :

Height of magnet 2

L :

Distance between magnet 1 and magnet 2

M :

Volume magnetization of a magnet

t :

Increment of disk along the axis of the rod

References

  1. S. Lee, J. Koo and E. Moon, Design of aeroload simulator for the test of guided missile servoactuation system, Proceedings of the 1990 Korea Automatic Control Conference, Korea (1990) 475–480.

  2. S. R. Lee, H. Y. Kim and Y. J. Moon, Study for the design of hydraulic load simulator, Transactions of the KSME, 18(1) (1994) 44–52.

    Google Scholar 

  3. S. R. Lee, The study of the design of a hydraulic torque load simulator equipped with a direct drive servo valve and a feed forward compensator, Journal of Drive and Control, 15(1) (2018) 16–27.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Y. S. Nam, Dynamic characteristic analysis and force loop design for the aerodynamic load simulator, KSME International Journal, 14(12) (2000) 1358–1364.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Y. S. Nam, QFT force loop design for the aerodynamic load simulator, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 37(4) (2001) 1384–1392.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Y. S. Nam and S. K. Hong, Force control system design for aerodynamic load simulator, Control Engineering Practice, 10 (2002) 549–558.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. R. K. Agarwal, Recent Progress in Some Aircraft Technologies, IntechOpen, London, United Kingdom (2016).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  8. T. Chun, G. Hur, K. Choi, H. Woo, D. Kang and J. Kim, Design of the aeroload simulator for the test of a small sized electromechanical actuator, 2007 International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems, Korea (2007) 1416–1419.

  9. J. E. Kim, J. Y. Choe, H. S. Baek, M. H. Park and E. T. Kim, Development of actuator load simulator system for HILS, Proceedings of 2007 Fall Conference of The Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics, Korea (2007) 76–79.

  10. M. Choi, S. Um, E. Kim, M. Seo, K. Kim, J. Lee, S. Park and B. Min, Development of load simulator for electro-mechanical actuator, Proceedings of the KSAS 2017 Fall Conference, Korea (2017).

  11. M. Choi, S. Um, H. Lee, S. Oh, S. Kim, S. Park and B. Min, Development of variable load simulator for thrust vector control actuator for 3rd stage of KSLV-II, Proceedings of the KSAS 2020 Fall Conference, Korea (2020).

  12. H. Lee and H. Bang, Efficient thrust management algorithm for variable thrust solid propulsion system with multi-nozzles, Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 57(2) (2020) 328–345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. J. Kim, J. Park, J. Lee and M. Jeon, A study on the pintle-tip shapes effect of nozzle flow using cold-flow test, Journal of Korean Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences, 38(10) (2010) 985–991.

    Google Scholar 

  14. N. Kim, H. Kim, H. Park, J. Lim, S. Suh and I. Park, Actuator and load test system development for continuous variable thruster, Proceedings of the KSPE 2017 Spring Conference, Korea (2017).

  15. J. Noh, Y. Park, E. Park and K. Baek, Development of load simulator for pintle actuator using compression spring, Proceedings of the KSPE 2020 Fall Conference, Korea (2020).

  16. J. Kim, S. Han, D. Kang, H. Lee, D. Kim and J. Noh, Design of actuator load test fixture using cam and follower mechanism, Proceedings of the KIMST 2021 Conference, Korea (2021).

  17. S. Han, J. Kim, D. Kang, H. Lee, Y. Choi and E. Park, Performance analysis of an actuator load tester with bistable load profile, Proceedings of the KIMST 2021 Conference, Korea (2021).

  18. A. Song, N. Wang, J. Li, B. Ma and X. Chen, Transient flow characteristics and performance of a solid rocket motor with a pintle valve, Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 33(12) (2020) 3189–3205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. B. D. Jensen and L. L. Howell, Bistable configuration of compliant mechanisms modeled using four links and translational joints, Journal of Mechanical Design, 126(4) (2004) 657–666.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. J. M. Camacho and V. Sosa, Alternative method to calculate the magnetic field of permanent magnets with azimuthal symmetry, Revista Mexicana de Física E, 59(1) (2013) 8–17.

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Korean Government in 2023.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, 305-600, Korea

    Jisuk Kim, Seungchul Han, Daegyeom Kang & Hajun Lee

Authors
  1. Jisuk Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Seungchul Han
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Daegyeom Kang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hajun Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hajun Lee.

Additional information

Jisuk Kim is a Senior Researcher in the Agency for Defense Development (ADD), Daejeon, Korea. His research interests include electromechanical actuators and hydraulic actuators for missiles. He received his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

Seungchul Han is a Senior Researcher in the Agency for Defense Development (ADD), Daejeon, Korea. His research interests include control actuation system for electromechanical and hydraulic actuators. He received his M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from KAIST, Daejeon, Korea.

Deagyeom Kang is a Senior Researcher in the Agency for Defense Development (ADD), Daejeon, Korea. His research interests include control of actuation system and robust control theories, including disturbance observer-based control. He received his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from KAIST, Daejeon, Korea.

Hajun Lee is a Chief Researcher in the Agency for Defense Development (ADD), Daejeon, Korea. His research interests include neural networks, intelligent control and control actuation systems. He re-ceived a Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from KAIST, Daejeon, Korea.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kim, J., Han, S., Kang, D. et al. Design of an aerodynamic load simulator for pintle actuators. J Mech Sci Technol 37, 4207–4215 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-023-0736-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-023-0736-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation