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Factors affecting shrinkage voids in advanced high strength steel (AHSS) resistance spot welds

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Abstract

Among various defects formed in resistance spot welds of advanced high strength steels (AHSS), shrinkage voids are seldomly studied. Apparently, the voids are thought to be formed towards the end of solidification due to the material volumetric shrinkage. Although, the voids are reported to be influenced by rich material chemistry of AHSS, the exact mechanism of its formation in RSW is yet to be understood. Hence, this paper attempts to study the influence of various RSW parameters on the void size and its formation mechanism. Computed tomography (CT) technique was utilized to visualize and quantify the void formed in a nugget and to study the influence of resistance welding parameters such as weld current, squeeze force and non-welding factors such as sheet thickness material strength on the void volume. A comprehensive analysis reveal that the parameters such as weld current (nugget size), sheet thickness and sheet strength had direct influence on the void volume, but the influence of electrode squeeze force was dependent on the nugget size. Besides, an attempt was also made to develop an empirical relation for the prediction of void volume formed in resistance spot welds of AHSS utilizing the results of present study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology Nitte, Karkala Udupi, 5754110, India

    Vijeesh Vijayan

  2. Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 47340, Korea

    Siva Prasad Murugan & Yeong-Do Park

  3. Advanced Forming Process R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ulsan, 44413, Korea

    Changwook Ji

  4. Fastening and Joining Technology Team, Hyundai Motor Company, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06797, Korea

    Seong-Guk Son

Authors
  1. Vijeesh Vijayan
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  2. Siva Prasad Murugan
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  3. Changwook Ji
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  4. Seong-Guk Son
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  5. Yeong-Do Park
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vijeesh Vijayan.

Additional information

Vijeesh Vijayan received his M.Tech. in Process Metallurgy and Ph.D. from National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, India in 2016. His current research interest includes resistance spot welding, welding metallurgy, wire-arc additive manufacturing, casting studies.

Yeong-Do Park is a Full-Time Professor at the Department of Advanced Materials Engineering in Dong-Eui University in Busan, South Korea. He received his M.S. and Ph.D. in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering from Colorado School of Mines, USA in 2003.

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Vijayan, V., Murugan, S.P., Ji, C. et al. Factors affecting shrinkage voids in advanced high strength steel (AHSS) resistance spot welds. J Mech Sci Technol 35, 5137–5142 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-021-1030-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-021-1030-1

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