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Theoretical and experimental investigation of the pressure ratio distribution and the regulation strategy of a two-stage turbocharging system for various altitudes operation

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Abstract

Fixed two-stage turbocharging system matched at high altitude leads to engine performance deterioration at low altitudes due to unreasonable pressure ratio distribution between two stages. In this paper, a thermodynamic model of regulated two-stage turbocharging system is established. Theoretical analysis shows the pressure ratio distribution should lean towards a turbocharger with greater efficiency, and the high-altitude operation intensifies the role of HP stage. Experiments are conducted on an environment simulation test bench. Then, the optimal pressure ratio distribution and ETAR at various altitudes are proposed. Experiment results demonstrate that the turbocharging system boosts sufficient intake air with the optimal ETAR. Compared to that with the fixed turbocharging system, the maximum increment of the overall efficiency is 9.3 % at 0 m and attains 1.5 % at 3000 m. Consequently, the output torque is 100 % recovered below 3000 m, and it exceeds 91 % at 4500 m. Moreover, the optimal ETAR reduces the BSFC under low altitude conditions.

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Abbreviations

A :

Equivalent turbo area, cm2

C p :

Specific heat at constant pressure, J/(kg·K)

H :

Altitude, m Energy of a system

m :

Mass flow rate, kg/s

k :

Adiabatic exponent

T :

Temperature, K

P :

Pressure, kPa

η :

Efficiency, %

π :

Pressure ratio/expansion ratio

in :

Intake air

ex :

Exhaust gas

T :

Tcompressor

TC :

Turbocharger system

max :

Maximum

T,S :

Turbocharging system

BSFC :

Brake specific fuel consumption

HP :

High-pressure

LP :

Low-pressure

H,S :

High-pressure stage

L,S :

Low-pressure stage

PR :

Pressure ratio

ETAR :

Equivalent turbo area ratio

FMEP :

Pumping mean effective pressure

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Acknowledgments

This study is supported by the Fund of National Basic Research Program (Grant No. 61325202).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Huiyan Zhang, Xuyang Tang, Lei Shi & Kangyao Deng

  2. China Automotive Technology & Research Center Co. Ltd., Tianjin, 300300, China

    Huiyan Zhang & Liansong Mu

Authors
  1. Huiyan Zhang
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  2. Xuyang Tang
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  4. Lei Shi
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Correspondence to Lei Shi.

Additional information

Recommended by Editor Yong Tae Kang

Huiyan Zhang is a Ph.D. candidate of the School of Mechanical and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. He received his Master degree in Power Engineering from Xi’an Jiaotong University and Bachelor degree from Harbin Institute of Technology. His research interests include matching and control method of turbocharging system, as well as performance of diesel engine.

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Zhang, H., Tang, X., Mu, L. et al. Theoretical and experimental investigation of the pressure ratio distribution and the regulation strategy of a two-stage turbocharging system for various altitudes operation. J Mech Sci Technol 35, 1251–1265 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-020-1231-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-020-1231-z

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