Abstract
Bicycling has been considered the sustainable alternatives of first- and last-mile trips for Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) in integrated transport systems. This study aims to analyze the route choice behaviors of bike-sharing users for the first- and last-mile trips in MaaS, incorporating the connectivity to the subway stations. The observed GPS data is employed to generate the route travels of bike-sharing users, and the choice set generation algorithm, i.e., the k-medoids clustering method, is applied to extract the representative alternatives in route choice models. This study analyzes the path-size logit model to compare the route choice behaviors incorporating peak periods, and access and egress trips. The bike-sharing use at the evening-peak period is more frequent than the other periods. Also, the bike-sharing users are found to be positively associated with the ratio of bike lanes for the access and egress trips to the subway stations, whereas they are reluctant to detour for their trips. The finding of this research is that the extension of bike facilities on access and egress to the subway stations is necessary to improve the bike-sharing use for the first- and last-mile trips in MaaS.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akgün V, Erkut E, Batta R (2000) On finding dissimilar paths. European Journal of Operational Research 121(2):232–246, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(99)00214-3
Bekhor S, Ben-Akiva ME, Ramming MS (2006) Evaluation of choice set generation algorithms for route choice models. Annals of Operations Research 144(1):235–247, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-006-0009-8
Ben-Akiva M, Bergman M, Daly AJ, Ramaswamy R (1984) Modelling inter urban route choice behaviour. Ninth international symposium on transportation and traffic theory, July 11–13, Delft, The Netherlands
Ben-Akiva M, Bierlaire M (1999) Discrete choice methods and their applications to short term travel decisions. In: Handbook of transportation science. Springer, Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, NY, USA, 5–33
Bernardi S, La Paix Puello L, Geurs K (2018) Modelling route choice of Dutch cyclists using smartphone data. Journal of Transport and Land Use 11(1):883–900, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2018.1143
Bierlaire M (2009) Estimation of discrete choice models with BIOGEME 1.8. Transport and Mobility Laboratory, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland, 181
Bliemer M, Bovy P (2008) Impact of route choice set on route choice probabilities. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2076:10–19, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3141/2076-02
Broach J, Dill J, Gliebe J (2012) Where do cyclists ride? A route choice model developed with revealed preference GPS data. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 46(10):1730–1740, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2012.07.005
Buehler R, Pucher J (2011) Sustainable transport in freiburg: Lessons from Germany’s environmental capital. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation 5(1):43–70, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15568311003650531
Casello JM, Usyukov V (2014) Modeling cyclists’ route choice based on GPS data. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2430(1):155–161, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3141/2430-16
Chen BY, Li Q, Lam WH (2016) Finding the k reliable shortest paths under travel time uncertainty. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 94:189–203, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2016.09.013
Cho S-H, Kho S-Y (2021) Exploring route choice behaviours accommodating stochastic choice set generations. Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5530814
Fiorenzo-Catalano S, Van Nes R, Bovy PH (2004) Choice set generation for multimodal travel analysis. European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research 4(2):195–209, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18757/ejtir.2004.4.2.4262
Fitch DT, Handy SL (2020) Road environments and bicyclist route choice: The cases of davis and San Francisco, CA. Journal of Transport Geography 85:102705, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102705
González F, Melo-Riquelme C, de Grange L (2016) A combined destination and route choice model for a bicycle sharing system. Transportation 43(3):407–423, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-015-9581-6
Guo Y, He SY (2020) Built environment effects on the integration of dockless bike-sharing and the metro. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 83:102335, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102335
Hood J, Sall E, Charlton B (2011) A GPS-based bicycle route choice model for San Francisco, California. Transportation Letters 3(1): 63–75, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3328/TL.2011.03.01.63-75
Hoogendoorn-Lanser S, van Nes R, Bovy P (2005) Path size modeling in multimodal route choice analysis. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1921:27–34, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192100104
Hunt JD, Abraham JE (2007) Influences on bicycle use. Transportation 34(4):453–470, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-006-9109-1
Kapuku C, Kho S-Y, Kim D-K, Cho S-H (2020) Modeling the competitiveness of a bike-sharing system using bicycle GPS and transit smartcard data. Transportation Letters 1–5, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19427867.2020.1758389
Kim M, Cho G-H (2021) Analysis on bike-share ridership for origin-destination pairs: Effects of public transit route characteristics and land-use patterns. Journal of Transport Geography 93:103047, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.103047
Lee J, Choi K, Leem Y (2016) Bicycle-based transit-oriented development as an alternative to overcome the criticisms of the conventional transit-oriented development. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation 10(10):975–984, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2014.923547
Li W, Chen S, Dong J, Wu J (2021) Exploring the spatial variations of transfer distances between dockless bike-sharing systems and metros. Journal of Transport Geography 92:103032, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.103032
Li X, Zhang Y, Du M, Yang J (2019) Social factors influencing the choice of bicycle: Difference analysis among private bike, public bike sharing and free-floating bike sharing in Kunming, China. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 23(5):2339–2348, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-019-2078-7
Lin J-J, Zhao P, Takada K, Li S, Yai T, Chen C-H (2018) Built environment and public bike usage for metro access: A comparison of neighborhoods in Beijing, Taipei, and Tokyo. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 63:209–221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2018.05.007
Liu Y, Ji Y, Feng T, Timmermans H (2020) Understanding the determinants of young commuters’ metro-bikeshare usage frequency using big data. Travel Behaviour and Society 21:121–130, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2020.06.007
Lou Y, Zhang C, Zheng Y, Xie X, Wang W, Huang Y (2009) Map-matching for low-sampling-rate GPS trajectories. Proceedings of the 17th ACM SIGSPATIAL international conference on advances in geographic information systems, November 4–6, Seattle, WA, USA
Lu W, Scott DM, Dalumpines R (2018) Understanding bike share cyclist route choice using GPS data: Comparing dominant routes and shortest paths. Journal of Transport Geography 71:172–181, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2018.07.012
Ma X, Ji Y, Yang M, Jin Y, Tan X (2018) Understanding bikeshare mode as a feeder to metro by isolating metro-bikeshare transfers from smart card data. Transport Policy 71:57–69, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2018.07.008
McFadden D (1973) Conditional logit analysis of qualitative choice behavior
Menghini G, Carrasco N, Schüssler N, Axhausen KW (2010) Route choice of cyclists in Zurich. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 44(9):754–765, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2010.07.008
Noland RB, Smart MJ, Guo Z (2016) Bikeshare trip generation in New York City. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 94:164–181, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2016.08.030
Park H-S, Jun C-H (2009) A simple and fast algorithm for K-medoids clustering. Expert Systems with Applications 36:3336–3341, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2008.01.039
Park S, Kang J, Choi K (2014) Finding determinants of transit users’ walking and biking access trips to the station: A pilot case study. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 18(2):651–658, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-014-0073-6
Prato CG, Bekhor S (2007) Modeling route choice behavior: How relevant is the composition of choice set?. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2003(1):64–73, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3141/2003-09
Prato CG, Halldórsdóttir K, Nielsen OA (2018) Evaluation of land-use and transport network effects on cyclists’ route choices in the Copenhagen Region in value-of-distance space. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation 12(10):770–781, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2018.1437236
Ramming MS (2002) Network knowledge and route choice. PhD Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
Schimohr K, Scheiner J (2021) Spatial and temporal analysis of bike-sharing use in Cologne taking into account a public transit disruption. Journal of Transport Geography 92:103017, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.103017
Schüssler N, Axhausen KW (2009) Accounting for route overlap in urban and suburban route choice decisions derived from GPS observations. Arbeitsberichte Verkehrs-und Raumplanung 590, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-005916981
Sener IN, Eluru N, Bhat CR (2009) An analysis of bicycle route choice preferences in Texas, US. Transportation 36(5):511–539, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-009-9201-4
Sharifi MS, Chen A, Kitthamkesorn S, Song Z (2015) Link-based stochastic loading methods for weibit route choice model. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2497:84–94, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3141/2497-09
Stinson MA, Bhat CR (2003) Commuter bicyclist route choice: Analysis using a stated preference survey. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1828(1):107–115, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3141/1828-13
Tilahun NY, Levinson DM, Krizek KJ (2007) Trails, lanes, or traffic: Valuing bicycle facilities with an adaptive stated preference survey. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 41(4):287–301, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2006.09.007
Ton D, Duives D, Cats O, Hoogendoorn S (2018) Evaluating a data-driven approach for choice set identification using GPS bicycle route choice data from Amsterdam. Travel Behaviour and Society 13:105–117, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2018.07.001
van der Zijpp NJ, Fiorenzo Catalano S (2005) Path enumeration by finding the constrained K-shortest paths. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 39(6):545–563, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2004.07.004
Zhao P, Li S (2017) Bicycle-metro integration in a growing city: The determinants of cycling as a transfer mode in metro station areas in Beijing. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 99:46–60, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2017.03.003
Zimmermann M, Mai T, Frejinger E (2017) Bike route choice modeling using GPS data without choice sets of paths. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 75:183–196, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2016.12.009
Acknowledgments
The authors appreciate that the comments by anonymous referees prompted numerous improvements to this article. The authors are also grateful to Jungwook Seo who helped to improve this paper. This work was supported by BK21 FOUR Intelligence Computing (Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, SNU) funded by National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) (4199990214639).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cho, SH., Shin, D. Estimation of Route Choice Behaviors of Bike-Sharing Users as First- and Last-mile Trips for Introduction of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS). KSCE J Civ Eng 26, 3102–3113 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-022-0802-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-022-0802-1