Abstract
The issue of large deformation mechanism in soft rock tunnels has puzzled tunnel scholars for decades. Previous studies have not evolved a clear and common understanding. Therefore, detailed on-site measurement, full investigation and statistical analysis have been conducted on the instability and failure of Muzhailing Tunnel since its construction, whose length is beyond 15 km. The study aims at systematically analyzing the failure mechanisms and modes of Muzhailing Tunnel in monoclinic and soft-hard interbedded rock strata. Study results show that the angle between strata strike and tunnel axis greatly determines the magnitude of deformation, the dip direction significantly controls the bias direction and maximum deformation direction, and the dip angle deeply affects the deformation form. The failure modes of surrounding rock mainly include four types: spalling and overturning failure, bending failure, shear slip failure and buckling failure. Large deformation characteristics are summarized from six aspects: failure form, groundwater, sensitivity to influencing factors, deformation degree, deformation speed and deformation duration. The instability modes of primary lining include in-plane (transverse) instability and out-plane (longitudinal) instability. Finally, the causes of large deformation are analyzed from geological, structural, engineering and human factors.
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Abbreviations
- C :
-
Interlaminar cohesion
- F f :
-
Interlaminar friction
- F h :
-
Horizontal squeezing force
- F l :
-
Longitudinal squeezing force
- F s :
-
Shear resistance of rock mass
- F v :
-
Vertical stress
- N :
-
Interlaminar force
- N v :
-
Vertical resistance of foundation
- S :
-
Resistance of supporting structure
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Acknowledgements
The present work is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41831286). This support is gratefully acknowledged. The authors of this article are so grateful to editor and anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions on this paper.
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Chen, J., Liu, W., Chen, L. et al. Failure Mechanisms and Modes of Tunnels in Monoclinic and Soft-Hard Interbedded Rocks: A Case Study. KSCE J Civ Eng 24, 1357–1373 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-020-1324-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-020-1324-3