Abstract
Two-third of cultivated land in India is monsoon dependent, due to global warming and the El Niño and La Niña phenomenon, an uncertainty loom occurs around monsoon which necessitates more irrigation periods. The conventional method for conveying irrigation water from the source to field is through open canals in the country causing huge losses in percolation and evaporation. Thus, modern system of irrigation such as Pipe Distribution Network (PDN) is desired. An application of PDN on the Left Bank Canal (LBC) of the Pench Irrigation project at distributary/tertiary level, India is proposed in the present study with the aim to design the least cost irrigation network of optimum pipe diameters thereby reducing the losses caused by canal for effective utilization of available water. EPANET 2.0 is used as the design tool with pressure and velocity as constraints. The design is also carried out using Critical Path Method (CPM) and optimized using Linear Programming (LP). Network costs are compared for both the approaches. Sensitivity analysis is also carried out for checking pressure variations for different materials by Hazen Williams (HW) and Darcy Weisbach (DW) major friction head loss formulas with variation in Loss Coefficients (LC). Proposed designed pipe irrigation system indicates significant reduction in losses compared to traditional conveyance system and thus will be beneficial if adopted in practice to the Indian fields which will significantly contribute to efficient management of available water.
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Abbreviations
- CHW :
-
Hazen Williams pipe coefficient
- CPM:
-
Critical Path Method
- CWC:
-
Central Water Commission
- C xy :
-
Unit Cost of pipe size y in link x
- DW:
-
Darcy Weisbach
- D x :
-
Diameter of pipe in mm
- FSD:
-
Full Supply Depth
- GI:
-
Galvanized Iron
- H jmin :
-
Minimum head at node j
- H o :
-
Head available at source node O
- HW:
-
Hazen Williams
- KBC:
-
Kanhan Branch Canal
- k, m :
-
Cost constant
- LBC:
-
Left Bank Canal
- LC:
-
Loss Coefficient
- LP:
-
Linear Programming
- L x :
-
Length of the pipe in meter
- L xy :
-
Length of pipe size y in link x
- PDN:
-
Pipe Distribution Network
- PSC:
-
Prestressed Concrete
- Q x :
-
flow through link x in m3/min
- S xy :
-
Friction slope for the pipe size y in link x
- T.C :
-
Total cost
- X :
-
No. of links
- Y :
-
No. of commercial pipes
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the Pench Irrigation Division, Nagpur Maharashtra, India under Vidarbha Irrigation Development Corporation, for providing the necessary data to carry out the present study.
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Gajghate, P.W., Mirajkar, A. Irrigation Pipe Network Planning at Tertiary Level: An Indian Case Study. KSCE J Civ Eng 24, 322–335 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-020-0272-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-020-0272-2