Abstract
Demand and capacity factor design is a probability-based safety-checking framework for performance-based design and evaluation of structures during earthquake. In this study, the confidence levels of special and intermediate steel moment frames are investigated on Immediate Occupancy (IO) and Collapse Prevention (CP) structural performance levels. For this aim, four, six, eight and ten-story special and intermediate steel moment frames are designed. The seismic performances of frames are evaluated using estimation of demand and capacity factor. The OpenSees software is used for detailed modeling of frames and both of geometrical and material nonlinearities and behavior of connections are considered at them. The nonlinear Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) is performed using ten ground motion records both of epistemic and randomness uncertainties are considered in calculation of confidence levels. Results reveal that at the IO and CP performance levels, the special moment frames are more reliable in comparison with intermediate moment frames.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ackroyd, M. (1987). “Design of flexibility-connected unbraced steel building frames.” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 8, No. Supplement C, pp. 261–286, DOI: 10.1016/0143-974X(87)90062-9.
BHRC (2015). Iranian Code of Practice for Seismic Resistance Design of Buildings: Standard No. 2800 (4rd edition), Building and Housing Research Center, Iran.
Chou, C. C. and Chen, J. H. (2011). “Analytical model validation and influence of column bases for seismic responses of steel posttensioned self-centering MRF systems.” Engineering Structures, Vol. 33, No. 9, pp. 2628–2643, DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.05.011.
Ellingwood, B. R. (2001). “Earthquake risk assessment of building structures.” Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Vol. 74, No. 3, pp. 251–262, DOI: 10.1016/S0951-8320(01)00105-3.
Engelhardt, M. D. and Husain, A. S. (1993). “Cyclic-loading performance of welded flange-bolted web connections.” Journal of Structural Engineering (United States), Vol. 119, No. 12, pp. 3537–3550, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1993)119:12(3537).
FEMA350 (2000). Recommended Seismic Design Criteria for New Steel Moment-Frame Buildings, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington D. C.
FEMA351 (2000). Recommended Seismic Evaluation and Upgrade Criteria for Existing Welded Steel Moment-Frame Buildings, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington D. C.
FEMA352 (2000). Recommended Postearthquake Evaluation and Repair Criteria for Welded Steel Moment-Frame Buildings, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington D. C.
FEMA353 (2000). Recommended Specifications and Quality Assurance Guidelines for Steel Moment-Frame Construction for Seismic Applications, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington D. C.
Garlock, M. M., Ricles, J. M., and Sause, R. (2005). “Experimental studies of full-scale posttensioned steel connections.” Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 131, No. 3, pp. 438–448, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:3(438).
Hu, J. W. (2015). “Response of seismically isolated steel frame buildings with sustainable Lead-rubber Bearing (LRB) isolator devices subjected to near-fault (NF) ground motions.” Sustainability (Switzerland), Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 111–137, DOI: 10.3390/su7010111.
Hu, J. W. and Noh, M. H. (2015). “Seismic response and evaluation of SDOF Self-Centering friction damping braces subjected to several earthquake ground motions.” Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 2015, pp. 1–17, DOI: 10.1155/2015/397273.
Ibarra, L. and Krawinkler, H. (2011). “Variance of collapse capacity of SDOF systems under earthquake excitations.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 40, No. 12, pp. 1299–1314, DOI: 10.1002/eqe.1089.
Jalayer, F. and Cornell, C. A. (2009). “Alternative non-linear demand estimation methods for probability-based seismic assessments.” Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, Vol. 38, No. 8, pp. 951–972, DOI: 10.1002/eqe.876.
Kazantzi, A. K., Righiniotis, T. D., and Chryssanthopoulos, M. K. (2008). “Fragility and hazard analysis of a welded steel moment resisting frame.” Journal of Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 596–615, DOI: 10.1080/13632460701512993.
Kazantzi, A. K., Vamvatsikos, D., and Lignos, D. G. (2014). “Seismic performance of a steel moment-resisting frame subject to strength and ductility uncertainty.” Engineering Structures, Vol. 78, pp. 69–77, DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.06.044.
Li, G. Q. and Li, J. J. (2007). Advanced Analysis and Design of Steel Frames, John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey.
Malley, J., Yu, Q. S., and Moore, K. (2004). “Seismic design of steel moment frames.” Earthquake Engineering From Engineering Seismology to Performance Based Engineering, Boca Raton.
MHUD (2014). Iranian National Building Code, part 10: steel structure design, Ministry of Housing and Urban Development.
SAC (1995a). Interim guidelines: Evaluation, repair, modification and design of welded steel moment frame structures, SAC Joint Venture.
SAC (1995b). Steel moment frame connection advisory No. 3, SAC Joint Venture.
SAC (1997). Interim Guidelines Advisory No. 1, SAC Joint Venture.
SAC (1999). Interim Guidelines Advisory No. 2, SAC Joint Venture.
SAC (2000). Performance prediction and evaluation of steel special moment frames for seismic loads, SAC Joint Venture.
Seo, J., Dueñas-Osorio, L., Craig, J. I., and Goodno, B. J. (2012). “Metamodel-based regional vulnerability estimate of irregular steel moment-frame structures subjected to earthquake events.” Engineering Structures, Vol. 45, pp. 585–597, DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.07.003.
Seo, J. and Hu, J. W. (2016). “Seismic response and performance evaluation of self-centering LRB isolators installed on the CBF building under NF ground motions.” Sustainability (Switzerland), Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 1–22, DOI: 10.3390/su8020109.
Seo, J., Kim, Y. C., and Hu, J. W. (2015). “Pilot study for investigating the cyclic behavior of slit damper systems with recentering Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) bending bars used for seismic restrainers.” Applied Sciences (Switzerland), Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 187–208, DOI: 10.3390/app5030187.
Tsai, K. C., Chou, C. C., Lin, C. L., Chen, P. C., and Jhang, S. J. (2008). “Seismic self-centering steel beam-to-column moment connections using bolted friction devices.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 627–645, DOI: 10.1002/eqe.779.
Vamvatsikos, D., and Allin Cornell, C. (2002). “Incremental dynamic analysis.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 491–514, DOI: 10.1002/eqe.141.
Vamvatsikos, D. and Fragiadakis, M. (2010). “Incremental dynamic analysis for estimating seismic performance sensitivity and uncertainty.” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 141–163, DOI: 10.1002/eqe.935.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shokrgozar, H.R., Mansouri, I. & Hu, J.W. Comparison of Seismic Reliability and Risk Assessment for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames. KSCE J Civ Eng 22, 3452–3461 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-018-0283-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-018-0283-4