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Tri- and bi-exponential diffusion analyses of the kidney: effect of respiratory-controlled acquisition on diffusion parameters

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Abstract

This study examined whether respiratory-controlled acquisition influences diffusion parameters obtained with intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) analysis using tri-exponential and bi-exponential models. Ten healthy volunteers were examined on a 3.0 T MRI system to obtain coronal diffusion-weighted images of both kidneys. The participants were scanned twice using respiratory-triggering (RT) and free-breathing (FB) acquisition to assess the repeatability of the measurements. We determined mean signal intensities in the renal cortex at each b value. Then, perfusion-related diffusion coefficient (Dp), fast-free diffusion coefficient (Df), slow-restricted diffusion coefficient (Ds), and their corresponding fractions (Fp, Ff, and Fs, respectively) were calculated using tri-exponential function. Moreover, perfusion-related diffusion coefficient (D*), the fraction (F), and perfusion-independent diffusion coefficient (D) were calculated using bi-exponential function. Normalized root-mean-square errors for the tri- and bi-exponential analyses (nRMSEtri and nRMSEbi, respectively) were determined to assess the deviation of the fitted to measured data, i.e., the fitting accuracy. Additionally, repeatability coefficients (RCs) were calculated from Bland–Altman plots to evaluate the repeatability of each diffusion parameter. These values were compared between the RT and FB groups. Dp and D* in the RT group were significantly lower than those in the FB group (P < 0.05). In addition, the RT group showed significantly lower nRMSEtri and nRMSEbi values than those in the FB group (P < 0.05). Moreover, Dp, Ds, Fs, and D* at RT showed lower RC values than those at FB. Respiratory-controlled acquisition affects perfusion-related diffusion parameters of the kidney obtained using tri-exponential and bi-exponential analyses.

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Funding

No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.

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Author notes

  1. Yuki Makino and Naoki Ohno have equally contributed to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Radiology Division, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 9208641, Japan

    Yuki Makino, Naoki Hori, Yukihiro Matsuura & Satoshi Kobayashi

  2. Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, 9200942, Japan

    Naoki Ohno, Tosiaki Miyati & Satoshi Kobayashi

  3. Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 9208641, Japan

    Satoshi Kobayashi & Toshifumi Gabata

Authors
  1. Yuki Makino
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  2. Naoki Ohno
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  3. Tosiaki Miyati
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  4. Naoki Hori
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  5. Yukihiro Matsuura
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  6. Satoshi Kobayashi
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  7. Toshifumi Gabata
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Contributions

YM: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, validation, visualization, and writing—original draft. NO: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, software, validation, and writing—review & editing. TM: supervision and writing—review & editing. NH: supervision. YM: supervision. SK: supervision. TG: supervision.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Naoki Ohno.

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Conflict of interest

This study was presented as a digital poster at the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM) meeting on June 15–21, 2018, in Paris, France and published as Proc. of the Intl. Soc. Mag. Reson. Med. 26: 4595.

Ethics approval

This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Kanazawa University (No. 848–1).

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Participants also signed informed consent regarding publishing their data and photographs.

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Makino, Y., Ohno, N., Miyati, T. et al. Tri- and bi-exponential diffusion analyses of the kidney: effect of respiratory-controlled acquisition on diffusion parameters. Radiol Phys Technol 16, 478–487 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12194-023-00734-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12194-023-00734-1

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