Abstract
A fluorescence immunochromatographic strip using quantum dot nanobeads (QDNBs)-monoclonal antibody (McAb) conjugates was developed to rapidly detecting okadaic acid (OA) in shellfish. Under optimal conditions, the linear working range was 0.62–20 ng·mL−1, and the full competitive limit of detection (LOD) was 20 ng·mL−1, corresponding to 160 μg·kg−1 per shellfish, meeting the regulatory limit of European Conformity (EC). The strips could show results in 20 min, had high reproducibility, and were effective within 6 months when stored sealed at 4 °C and 25 °C. Moreover, the strips successfully detected OA in spiked shellfish samples. The reliability of the test strips was further confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which was consistent well with Abraxis imported ELISA (R2 = 0.988). The strips are sensitive, specific, replicable, and ideal for rapidly detecting OA, providing a potential tool that can be further developed to detect OA and other marine toxins in shellfish.
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Abbreviations
- LFIC:
-
lateral flow immunochromatographic
- ELISA:
-
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- HPLC–MS:
-
high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
- SPR:
-
surface plasmon resonance
- QDNBs:
-
quantum dot nanobeads
- QDs:
-
quantum dots
- MNPs:
-
magnetic nanoparticles
- AuNPs:
-
gold nanoparticles
- McAb:
-
monoclonal antibody
- OA:
-
okadaic acid
- DSP:
-
diarrheic shellfish poisoning
- PPI:
-
protein phosphatase inhibition
- PP1:
-
protein phosphatases of type 1
- PP2A:
-
protein phosphatases of type 2A
- LOD:
-
limit of detection
- EC:
-
European Conformity
- BSA:
-
bovine serum albumin
- NHS:
-
N-hydroxysuccinimide
- DCC:
-
N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
- EDC:
-
N-(3-dimethylaminopropyle)-N-ethyl-carbodiimide hydrochloride
- N,N-DMF:
-
N,N-dimethylformamide
- HEPES:
-
4-(2-hydroxyerhyl) piperazine-1-erhanesulfonic acid
- PEG 20 000:
-
polyethylene glycol 20 000
- NC:
-
nitrocellulose
- PBS:
-
phosphate-buffered saline
- PB:
-
phosphate buffered
- TEM:
-
transmission electron microscope
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The authors would like to express their gratitude to EditSprings (https://www.editsprings.com/) for the expert linguistic services provided.
Funding
This work was financially supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (grant number 2017YFC1601205) and the National Nature Science Foundation of China (NSFC, No 32072943).
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Han Wang declares that she has no conflict of interest. Hong-Lin Ren declares that he has no conflict of interest. Pan Hu declares that she has no conflict of interest. Yan-Song Li declares that he has no conflict of interest. Yu Zheng declares that she has no conflict of interest. Qi Cao declares that he has no conflict of interest. Zhan-Xu Liu declares that he has no conflict of interest. Zeng-Shan Liu declares that he has no conflict of interest. Yong Yang declares that he has no conflict of interest. Shi-Ying Lu declares that he has no conflict of interest.
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Wang, H., Ren, HL., Hu, P. et al. A Fluorescence Immunochromatographic Strip Based on Quantum Dot Nanobeads for the Rapid Detection of Okadaic Acid. Food Anal. Methods 15, 2470–2478 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-022-02302-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-022-02302-6