Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Pre-concentration of organophosphorus pesticides in aqueous environments and food extracts by modified magnetic graphene oxide synthesized from sugar beet bagasse waste

  • Published:
Food Analytical Methods Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the present research, graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were synthesized by sugar beet bagasse as an agricultural waste. Then, the synthesized nanosheets were modified with magnetic nanoparticles to produce a hybrid of nanomaterials that can be used for magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of diazinon as a model of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in environmental and food samples. The produced adsorbent was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD analysis, SEM, and TEM. These results exhibited Fe3O4 nanoparticles with an average size of 17.22 nm were uniformly distributed on the surface of the GO nanosheets. Next, the effective experimental factors controlling the extraction recoveries such as desorption conditions, sorbent dosage, pH of analyte solution, extraction time, and concentration of analyte were assessed and optimized via response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). Generally, the optimum adsorption condition was suggested by software (sorbent dosage = 0.35 g/L, pH = 5.04, extraction time = 8 min, and diazinon concentration of 12 µg/L), though in order to achieve the highest recovery, the target condition was investigated. Finally, the concentration of extracted analyte was quantified via a gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphorous detector (GC-NPD). The magnetically separable nanoadsorbent showed appropriate sustainability and reusability even after four cycles of sorption- desorption. The detection limit of method was 2.41 μg/L. Also, this procedure was successfully used for identification of diazinon in water, milk, and honey samples with the obtained results showing acceptable recovery values.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ajiboye TO, Kuvarega AT, Onwudiwe DC (2020) Recent strategies for environmental remediation of organochlorine pesticides. Appl Sci 10(18):6286

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Akhavan O, Bijanzad K, Mirsepah A (2014) Synthesis of graphene from natural and industrial carbonaceous wastes. RSC Adv 4(39):20441–20448

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aliofkhazraei M, Ali N, Milne WI, Ozkan CS, Mitura S, Gervasoni JL (2016) Graphene science handbook: electrical and optical properties: CRC press

  • Beser MI, Pardo O, Beltrán J, Yusà V (2019) Determination of 21 perfluoroalkyl substances and organophosphorus compounds in breast milk by liquid chromatography coupled to orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 1049:123–132

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cacho J, Campillo N, Viñas P, Hernández-Córdoba M (2018) In situ ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides. J Chromatogr A 1559:95–101

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cardeal ZDL, Paes CMD (2006) Analysis of organophosphorus pesticides in whole milk by solid phase microextraction gas chromatography method. J Environ Sci Health B 41(4):369–375

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choudri B, Charabi Y, Ahmed M (2018) Pesticides and herbicides. Water Environ Res 90(10):1663–1678

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deng J, Li M, Wang Y (2016a) Biomass-derived carbon: synthesis and applications in energy storage and conversion. Green Chem 18(18):4824–4854

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deng J, You Y, Sahajwalla V, Joshi RK (2016b) Transforming waste into carbon-based nanomaterials. Carbon 96:105–115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dimiev A, Kosynkin DV, Alemany LB, Chaguine P, Tour JM (2012) Pristine graphite oxide. J Am Chem Soc 134(5):2815–2822

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Faghiri F, Ghorbani F (2020) Synthesis of graphene oxide nanosheets from sugar beet bagasse and its application for colorimetric and naked eye detection of trace Hg2+ in the environmental water samples. Microchem J 152:104332

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghorbani F, Kamari S (2019) Core–shell magnetic nanocomposite of Fe3O4@ SiO2@ NH2 as an efficient and highly recyclable adsorbent of methyl red dye from aqueous environments. Environ Technol Innov 14:100333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghorbani F, Sanati AM, Maleki M (2015) Production of silica nanoparticles from rice husk as agricultural waste by environmental friendly technique. Environ Stud Persian Gulf 2(1):56–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Guo S, Zhang G, Guo Y, Jimmy CY (2013) Graphene oxide–Fe2O3 hybrid material as highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for degradation of organic contaminants. Carbon 60:437–444

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hui C, Shen C, Tian J, Bao L, Ding H, Li C et al (2011) Core-shell Fe 3 O 4@ SiO 2 nanoparticles synthesized with well-dispersed hydrophilic Fe 3 O 4 seeds. Nanoscale 3(2):701–705

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ibrahim WAW, Nodeh HR, Sanagi MM (2016) Graphene-based materials as solid phase extraction sorbent for trace metal ions, organic compounds, and biological sample preparation. Crit Rev Anal Chem 46(4):267–283

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar R, Singh RK, Singh DP (2016) Natural and waste hydrocarbon precursors for the synthesis of carbon based nanomaterials: graphene and CNTs. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 58:976–1006

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin X-P, Wang X-Q, Wang J, Yuan Y-W, Di S-S, Wang Z-W et al (2020) Magnetic covalent organic framework as a solid-phase extraction absorbent for sensitive determination of trace organophosphorus pesticides in fatty milk. J Chromatogr A 1627:461387

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu X, Zhou X, Wang C, Wu Q, Wang Z (2015a) Magnetic three-dimensional graphene solid-phase extraction of chlorophenols from honey samples. Food Addit Contam Part A 32(1):40–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu F, Niu F, Peng N, Su Y, Yang Y (2015b) Synthesis, characterization, and application of Fe 3 O 4@ SiO 2–NH 2 nanoparticles. RSC Adv 5(23):18128–18136

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu AH, Salabas EeL, Schüth F (2007) Magnetic nanoparticles: synthesis, protection, functionalization, and application. Angew Chem Int Ed 46(8):1222–44

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maddah B, Javadi SS, Mirzaei A, Rahimi-Nasrabadi M (2015) Application of electrospun polystyrene nanofibers as solid phase extraction sorbent for the preconcentration of diazinon and fenitrothion in environmental waters. J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol 38(2):208–214

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahpishanian S, Sereshti H (2016) Three-dimensional graphene aerogel-supported iron oxide nanoparticles as an efficient adsorbent for magnetic solid phase extraction of organophosphorus pesticide residues in fruit juices followed by gas chromatographic determination. J Chromatogr A 1443:43–53

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mahpishanian S, Sereshti H, Baghdadi M (2015) Superparamagnetic core–shells anchored onto graphene oxide grafted with phenylethyl amine as a nano-adsorbent for extraction and enrichment of organophosphorus pesticides from fruit, vegetable and water samples. J Chromatogr A 1406:48–58

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mahpishanian S, Sereshti H, Ahmadvand M (2017) A nanocomposite consisting of silica-coated magnetite and phenyl-functionalized graphene oxide for extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon from aqueous matrices. J Environ Sci 55:164–173

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meléndez-Ortiz H, Perera-Mercado Y, García-Cerda L, Mercado-Silva J, Castruita G (2014) Influence of the reaction conditions on the thermal stability of mesoporous MCM-48 silica obtained at room temperature. Ceram Int 40(3):4155–4161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Melgar MJ, Santaeufemia M, García M (2010) Organophosphorus pesticide residues in raw milk and infant formulas from Spanish northwest. J Environ Sci Health B 45(7):595–600

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nikraftar N, Ghorbani F (2016) Adsorption of As (V) using modified magnetic nanoparticles with ascorbic acid: optimization by response surface methodology. Water Air Soil Pollut 227(6):178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nodeh HR, Ibrahim WAW, Kamboh MA, Sanagi MM (2017a) New magnetic graphene-based inorganic–organic sol-gel hybrid nanocomposite for simultaneous analysis of polar and non-polar organophosphorus pesticides from water samples using solid-phase extraction. Chemosphere 166:21–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nodeh HR, Sereshti H, Gaikani H, Kamboh MA, Afsharsaveh Z (2017b) Magnetic graphene coated inorganic-organic hybrid nanocomposite for enhanced preconcentration of selected pesticides in tomato and grape. J Chromatogr A 1509:26–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raghavan N, Thangavel S, Venugopal G (2017) A short review on preparation of graphene from waste and bioprecursors. Appl Mater Today 7:246–254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigues FdM, Mesquita PR, De Oliveira LS, De Oliveira FS, Menezes Filho A, Pereira PAdP et al (2011) Development of a headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method for determination of organophosphorus pesticide residues in cow milk. Microchem J 98(1):56–61

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma D, Nagpal A, Pakade YB, Katnoria JK (2010) Analytical methods for estimation of organophosphorus pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables: a review. Talanta 82(4):1077–1089

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh V, Joung D, Zhai L, Das S, Khondaker SI, Seal S (2011) Graphene based materials: past, present and future. Prog Mater Sci 56(8):1178–1271

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh S, Krishnaiah N, Rao TM, Pushpa R, Reddy G (2017) Effect of heat processing on degradation of organophosphorus compounds in milk. Pharma Innov 6(3, Part D):209

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh R, Thakur P, Thakur A, Kumar H, Chawla P, V. Rohit J et al (2020) Colorimetric sensing approaches of surface-modified gold and silver nanoparticles for detection of residual pesticides: a review. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 1–17

  • Stöber W, Fink A, Bohn E (1968) Controlled growth of monodisperse silica spheres in the micron size range. J Colloid Interface Sci 26(1):62–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun P, Gao Y, Xu C, Lian Y (2018) Determination of six organophosphorus pesticides in water samples by three-dimensional graphene aerogel-based solid-phase extraction combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 8(19):10277–10283

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vu HC, Dwivedi AD, Le TT, Seo S-H, Kim E-J, Chang Y-S (2017) Magnetite graphene oxide encapsulated in alginate beads for enhanced adsorption of Cr (VI) and As (V) from aqueous solutions: role of crosslinking metal cations in pH control. Chem Eng J 307:220–229

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang P, Wang X, Yu S, Zou Y, Wang J, Chen Z et al (2016) Silica coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanospheres for high removal of organic pollutants from wastewater. Chem Eng J 306:280–288

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu J, Ju C, Sheng J, Wang F, Zhang Q, Sun G et al (2013) Synthesis and characterization of magnetic nanoparticles and its application in lipase immobilization. Bull Korean Chem Soc 34(8):2408–2412

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ye N, Shi P (2015) Applications of graphene-based materials in solid-phase extraction and solid-phase microextraction. Sep Purif Rev 44(3):183–198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu J, Wu C, Xing J (2004) Development of new solid-phase microextraction fibers by sol–gel technology for the determination of organophosphorus pesticide multiresidues in food. J Chromatogr A 1036(2):101–111

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The present study was supported by the Iran national science foundation (grant number: 96006536).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resource, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15177, Sanandaj, Iran

    Farshid Ghorbani, Faranak Faghiri, Fatemeh Askari & Ashkan Miri

  2. Department of Zrebar Lake Environmental Research, Kurdistan Studies Institute, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

    Farshid Ghorbani

  3. Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, 6517838683, Hamedan, Iran

    Maryam Hajjami

Authors
  1. Farshid Ghorbani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Maryam Hajjami
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Faranak Faghiri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Fatemeh Askari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ashkan Miri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Farshid Ghorbani or Maryam Hajjami.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval

This is an observational study. The University of Kurdistan Research Ethics Committee has confirmed that no ethical approval is required.

Informed consent

Not applicable.

Conflict of interest

Authors have received research support from the Iran National Science Foundation.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOC 1027 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ghorbani, F., Hajjami, M., Faghiri, F. et al. Pre-concentration of organophosphorus pesticides in aqueous environments and food extracts by modified magnetic graphene oxide synthesized from sugar beet bagasse waste. Food Anal. Methods 15, 625–636 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-021-02143-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-021-02143-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation