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Metal Ion–Enhanced Quantification of Chloramphenicol in Milk Using Imipramine Hydrochloride as Diazo-Coupling Agent

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Abstract

Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is administered to cattle, fish, poultry, and honeybees among other animals. Consumption of food from such sources leads to non-regenerative anaemia, aplastic anaemia, and bone marrow suppression in humans. It is therefore a pressing necessity to detect chloramphenicol in food items through a convenient, accurate, and rapid method. The proposed method is the first attempt of a diazo-coupling reaction between diazotized chloramphenicol and imipramine hydrochloride yielding an intense purple-coloured product at room temperature, with λmax = 575 nm. The concentration of reagents, temperature, and acid medium were optimised. Enhancement of molar absorptivity coefficient of the dye by a range of different salts and nanoparticles, and their effect on reaction kinetics were also studied in details for the first time. Iron (III) was seen to show highest catalytic efficiency. The increase in molar absorptivity coefficient for the dye product was calculated to be from 0.14 to 0.2 μM−1 cm−1. The catalysed reaction was employed for determination of chloramphenicol. The linear range was from 0.2135 to 20 ppb and detection limit for CAP was 2.321 ppb. This method is simple, sensitive, and economical without the need of specific reaction conditions or dedicated sophisticated instrumentation.

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Data Availability

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article. The authors agree for data transparency.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Dr. Praveena Bhat and research group, Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-CFTRI, for their help and support during the work. The authors are grateful to Dr. Rochak Mittal for his help in the revision of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India

    Richa Sharma

  2. Department of Food Engineering, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore, India

    Richa Sharma & K S M S Raghavarao

  3. Department of Chemistry, S.D.V.S Sangh’s, S. S. Arts College and T. P. Science Institute, Sankeshwar, India

    Honnur Krishna

Authors
  1. Richa Sharma
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  2. Honnur Krishna
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  3. K S M S Raghavarao
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Experiments and data collection were performed by Richa Sharma. Data analysis was performed by Richa Sharma and Honnur Krishna. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Richa Sharma and all authors contributed to its improvement. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to K S M S Raghavarao.

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Richa Sharma declares that she has no conflict of interest. Honnur Krishna declares that he has no conflict of interest. KSMS Raghavarao declares that he has no conflict of interest.

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Sharma, R., Krishna, H. & Raghavarao, K.S.M.S. Metal Ion–Enhanced Quantification of Chloramphenicol in Milk Using Imipramine Hydrochloride as Diazo-Coupling Agent. Food Anal. Methods 13, 2321–2329 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-020-01837-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-020-01837-w

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