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Agronomic Performance of Brassicaceae Oilseeds in Multiple Environments Across the Western USA

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Abstract

Brassicaceae oilseed crops can provide rotation benefits to dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and supply feedstock for biofuel production. However, growers face decisions about what oilseed crop is best suited for an environment. The objective of this study was to determine how varying production environments affect the agronomic performance of modern cultivars of six Brassicaceae crop species and identify ideal genotypes for seven growing environments spanning four ecoregions. A field experiment was replicated in Colorado, Idaho, Iowa, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, and Oregon, USA, between 2013 and 2016 to measure seed and oil yields of seed for four cultivars of Brassica napus, two of B. carinata, two of B. juncea, two of Sinapis alba, one of B. rapa, and one of Camelina sativa. Also, δ13C signature of seed was used as an indicator of water limitation. Generally, across all genotypes, seed and oil yields increased with increased growing season precipitation. Modern commercial cultivars of B. napus and B. juncea had the highest seed oil contents and generally produced the greatest oil yields across most environments, although they were not always the highest seed yielders. For instance, B. carinata over six site years in North Dakota and Minnesota yielded greater than B. napus producing as much as 2471 kg ha−1 in Minnesota. Camelina produced competitive seed yields in some of the drier environments and its δ13C signature indicated that it had the greatest drought resistance. However, seed oil content of some of these high yielding genotypes may need improvement before they are viable as biofuel feedstock.

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Abbreviations

C:

Carbon

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Acknowledgments

Numerous individuals provided technical assistance that was necessary to undertake a large multi-environment study. The authors thank John McCallum, Steve Umbarger, Aron Boettcher, Mandy Wuest, Hayley Peter-Contesse, Joe Boots, Chuck Hennen, Scott Larson, Chris Wente, Rick Greeson, Kim Hunter, Amber Williams, Michael Johnson, Mark Gaffri, Michelle Lair, Dale Spracklin, Rene France, Michelle Cryder, Craig Ford, Ashley Bateman, Delmer Schlenker, Cody Hardy, and David Poss for their valuable assistance in conducting these experiments.

Funding

This work was supported by a Research Grant Award (2012-10008-19727) from the US Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. USDA-ARS-NCSCRL, 803 Iowa Ave., Morris, MN, 56267, USA

    Russ W. Gesch

  2. USDA-ARS-CPCRL, Pendleton, OR, USA

    D. S. Long

  3. USDA-ARS-NCAUR, Peoria, IL, USA

    D. Palmquist, E. A. Oblath & T. A. Isbell

  4. USDA-ARS-NPARL, Sidney, MT, USA

    B. L. Allen & J. D. Jabro

  5. USDA-ARS-NGPRL, Mandan, ND, USA

    D. W. Archer

  6. University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA

    J. Brown & J. B. Davis

  7. USDA-ARS-NLAE, Ames, IA, USA

    J. L. Hatfield

  8. USDA-ARS-GSWRL, Temple, TX, USA

    J. R. Kiniry

  9. USDA-ARS-CGPRL, Akron, CO, USA

    M. F. Vigil

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  1. Russ W. Gesch
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Correspondence to Russ W. Gesch.

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Gesch, R.W., Long, D.S., Palmquist, D. et al. Agronomic Performance of Brassicaceae Oilseeds in Multiple Environments Across the Western USA. Bioenerg. Res. 12, 509–523 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-019-09998-1

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