Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Moral development and parenting styles: the mediating role of emotional skills

  • Published:
Current Psychology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The present study aimed to analyze the influence of parenting styles on the emergence of emotional competencies, which influence moral disengagement mechanisms. We hypothesized that empathy and emotional regulation skills would mediate between parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive styles) and moral disengagement mechanisms. The study involved 501 young people (aged 19–25), and the dimensions examined were: parenting styles, alexithymia, difficulties in emotion regulation strategies, and moral disengagement. Similarity Structure Analysis (SSA) showed a significant relationship between parenting style, emotional skills and moral disengagement measures. Moreover, mediation analysis revealed a significant indirect effect of authoritative style on moral disengagement through alexithymia and emotional dysregulation. The results revealed a significant indirect effect of authoritative style on moral disengagement through emotional dysregulation but not alexithymia. Finally, the results showed a significant indirect effect of permissive style on moral disengagement through alexithymia and emotional dysregulation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The data generated and analyzed in the present study are not available in compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation – GDPR, 2016/679.

Code availability

Not applicable.

References

  • Arató, N., Zsidó, A. N., Lénárd, K., & Lábadi, B. (2020). Cybervictimization and cyberbullying: The role of socio-emotional skills. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 248. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00248

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Attili, G. (2007). Attaccamento E costruzione evoluzionistica della mente. Normalità, patologia, terapia. Raffaello Cortina Editore.

  • Bacchini, D., De Angelis, G., Dragone, M., Esposito, C., & Affuso, G. (2021). Individual and environmental correlates of adolescents’ Moral decision-making in Moral dilemmas. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 770891. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.770891

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bafunno, D., & Camodeca, M. (2013). Shame and guilt development in preschoolers: The role of context, audience and individual characteristics. European Journal of Development Psychology, 10, 128–979. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2013.765796

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bagby, R. M., Parker, J. D. A., & Taylor, G. J. (1994). The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale: I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38(1), 23–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999(94)90005-1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (2002). Selective moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency. Journal of Moral Education, 312, 101–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305724022014322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., & Pastorelli, C. (1996). Mechanisms of moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(2), 364–374. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.71.2.364

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bao, Z., Zhang, W., Lai, X., Sun, W., & Wang, Y. (2015). Parental attachment and Chinese adolescents’ delinquency: The mediating role of moral disengagement. Journal of Adolescence, 44, 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.06.002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bartolo, M. G., Palermiti, A. L., Servidio, R., Musso, P., & Costabile, A. (2019). Mediating processes in the relations of parental monitoring and School Climate with Cyberbullying: The role of Moral Disengagement. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 15(3), 568–594. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v15i3.1742

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Baumrind, D. (1973). The development of instrumental competence through Socialization. In A. Pick (Ed.), Minnesota symposia on child psychology (pp. 3–46). University of Minnesota Press.

  • Baumrind, D. (1989). Rearing competent children. In W. Damon (Ed.), Child development today and tomorrow (pp. 349–378). Jossey-Bass.

  • Branje, S. J. T., Laursen, B., & Collins, W. A. (2013). Parent– child communication during adolescence. In A. L. Vangelisti (Ed.), Routledge handbook of family communication (Vol. 2, pp. 271–286). Routledge.

  • Bressi, C., Taylor, G., Parker, J., Bressi, S., Brambilla, V., Aguglia, E., Allegranti, I., Bongiorno, A., Giberti, F., Bucca, M., Todarello, O., Callegari, C., Vender, S., Gala, C., & Invernizzi, G. (1996). Cross validation of the factor structure of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale: An Italian multicenter study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 41(6), 551–559. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(96)00228-0

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bridgett, D. J., Burt, N. M., Edwards, E. S., & Deater-Deckard, K. (2015). Intergenerational transmission of self-regulation: A multidisciplinary review and integrative conceptual framework. Psychological Bulletin, 141, 602–654. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038662

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bussey, K. (2020). Development of moral disengagement: Learning to make wrong right. In L. A. Jensen (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of moral development: An interdisciplinary perspective (pp. 306–326). Oxford University Press.

  • Bzdok, D., Schilbach, L., Vogeley, K., Schneider, K., Laird, A. R., Langner, R., & Eickhoff, S. B. (2012). Parsing the neural correlates of moral cognition: ALE meta-analysis on morality, theory of mind, and empathy. Brain Structure & Function, 217(4), 783–796. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-012-0380-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Pastorelli, C., Iafrate, C., Beretta, M., Steca, P., & Bandura, A. (2006). La Misura Del disimpegno morale nel contesto delle trasgressioni dell’agire quotidiano [The measure of the moral disengagement in the context of the transgressions of daily living]. Giornale Italiano Di Psicologia, 33(1), 83–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caprara, G. V., Tisak, M. S., Alessandri, G., Fontaine, R. G., Fida, R., & Paciello, M. (2014). The contribution of moral disengagement in mediating individual tendencies toward aggression and Violence. Developmental Psychology, 50(1), 71–85. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034488

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, C., Martínez, R. M., & Cheng, Y. (2018). The Developmental origins of the Social Brain: Empathy, Morality, and Justice. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2584. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02584

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cuzzocrea, F., Barberis, N., Costa, S., & Larcan, R. (2015). Relationship between Alexithymia, Parenting Style, and parental control. Psychological Reports, 117(2), 580–596. https://doi.org/10.2466/21.10.PR0.117c22z7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Detert, J. R., Treviño, L. K., & Sweitzer, V. L. (2008). Moral disengagement in ethical decision making: A study of antecedents and outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(2), 374–391. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.2.374

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Di Pentima, L., & Ramelli, S. (2020). Attaccamento E disimpegno morale nel fenomeno del bullismo: Uno studio su bambini di scuola elementare. Ricerche Di Psicologia, 43(3), 871–903. https://doi.org/10.3280/RIP2020-003005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Di Pentima, L., Toni, A., & Roazzi, A. (2023). Parenting styles and moral disengagement in young adults: The mediating role of attachment experiences. The Journal of Genetic Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2023.2205451

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Falla, D., Romera, E. M., & Ortega-Ruiz, R. (2021). Aggression, moral disengagement and empathy. A longitudinal study within the Interpersonal dynamics of bullying. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 703468. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.703468

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fay-Stammbach, T., Hawes, D. J., & Meredith, P. (2014). Parenting influences on executive function in early childhood: A review. Child Development Perspectives, 8, 258–264. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12095

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Francisco, S. M., da Costa Ferreira, P., Veiga Simão, A. M., & Pereira, N. S. (2023). Measuring empathy online and moral disengagement in cyberbullying. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1061482. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1061482

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Francisco, S. M., Ferreira, P. C., & Veiga Simão, A. M. (2022). Behind the scenes of cyberbullying: personal and normative beliefs across profiles and moral disengagement mechanisms. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 27, 337–361. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2022.2095215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garaigordobil, M. (2009). A comparative analysis of empathy in childhood and adolescence: Gender differences and associated socio-emotional variables. International Journal of Psychology & Psychological Therapy, 9(2), 217–235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gini, G., Pozzoli, T., & Hymel, S. (2014). Moral disengagement among children and youth: A meta-analytic review of links to aggressive behavior. Aggressive Behavior, 40(1), 56–68. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21502

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gülseven, Z., Yu, M. V. B., Zarrett, N., Vandell, D. L., & Simpkins, S. D. (2021). Self-control and cooperation in childhood as antecedents of less moral disengagement in adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579421000584. Advance online publication

  • Guttman, L. (1991). Memoriam: Chapters from an unfinished textbook on facet analysis. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Hebrew University.

  • Haddock, A., & Jimerson, S. (2017). An examination of differences in moral disengagement and empathy among bullying participant groups. Journal of Relationships Research, 8, E15. https://doi.org/10.1017/jrr.2017.15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hardy, S. A., Padilla-Walker, L. M., & Carlo, G. (2008). Parenting dimensions and adolescents’ internalisation of moral values. Journal of Moral Education, 37(2), 205–223. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7988-9_19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (2ª ed.). Guilford Publications.

  • Hayes, A. F., & Preacher, K. J. (2010). Quantifying and testing indirect effects in simple mediation models when the constituent paths are nonlinear. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 45(4), 627–660. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2010.498290

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hyde, L. W., Shaw, D. S., & Moilanen, K. L. (2010). Developmental precursors of moral disengagement and the role of moral disengagement in the development of antisocial behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38, 197–209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-009-9358-5

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kohlberg, L. (1976). Moral stages and moralization: The cognitive-development approach. In T. Lickona (Ed.), Moral development and behavior: Theory and research and social issues (pp. 31–53). Holt, Rienhart, and Winston.

  • Koleva, S., Selterman, D., Iyer, R., Ditto, P., & Graham, J. (2014). The moral compass of insecurity: Anxious and avoidant attachment predict moral judgment. Soc Psychol Pers, 5, 185–194. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550613490965

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krisnana, I., Rachmawati, P. D., Arief, Y. S., Kurnia, I. D., Nastiti, A. A., Safitri, I. F. N., & Putri, A. T. K. (2019). Adolescent characteristics and parenting style as the determinant factors of bullying in Indonesia: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 33(5). https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2019-0019

  • Lamb, M. E., & Lewis, C. (2013). Father-child relationships. In N. J. Cabrera & C. S. Tamis-LeMonda (Eds.), Handbook of father involvement: Multidisciplinary perspectives (2nd ed., pp. 119–135). Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landry, S. H., Smith, K. E., & Swank, P. R. (2006). Responsive parenting: Establishing early foundations for social, communication, and Independent problem-solving skills. Developmental Psychology, 42(4), 627–642. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.42.4.627

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Larsen, E. M., Ospina, L. H., Cuesta-Diaz, A., Vian-Lains, A., Nitzburg, G. C., Mulaimovic, S., Latifoglu, A., Clari, R., & Burdick, K. E. (2019). Effects of childhood trauma on adult moral decision-making: Clinical correlates and insights from bipolar disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 244, 180–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.10.002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lyvers, M., Makin, C., Toms, E., Thorberg, F. A., & Samios, C. (2014). Trait mindfulness in relation to emotional self-regulation and executive function. Mindfulness, 5(6), 619–625. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-013-0213-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Majdandži´c, M., Möller, E. L., de Vente, W., Bögels, S. M., & van den Boom, D. C. (2014). Fathers’ challenging parenting behavior prevents social anxiety development in their 4-year-old children: A longitudinal observational study. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 42, 301–310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-013-9774-4

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mascia, M. L., Agus, M., Zanetti, M. A., Pedditzi, M. L., Rollo, D., Lasio, M., & Penna, M. P. (2021). Moral disengagement, empathy, and Cybervictim’s representation as predictive factors of cyberbullying among Italian adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research in Public Health, 18, 1266. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031266

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montero-Carretero, C., Pastor, D., Santos-Rosa, F. J., & Cervelló, E. (2021). School climate, moral disengagement and, empathy as predictors of bullying in adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 656775. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.656775

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, B., & Fowers, B. (2022). Empathy and authenticity online: The roles of moral identity, moral disengagement, and parenting style. Journal of Personality, 90(2), 183–202. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12661

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parlangeli, O., Marchigiani, E., Bracci, M., Duguid, A. M., Palmitesta, P., & Marti, P. (2019). Offensive acts and helping behavior on the internet: An analysis of the relationships between moral disengagement, empathy and use of social media in a sample of Italian students. Work (Reading Mass), 63(3), 469–477. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-192935

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patil, I., & Silani, G. (2014). Alexithymia increases moral acceptability of accidental harms. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 26(5), 597–614. https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2014.929137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pellerone, M., Tomasello, G., & Migliorisi, S. (2017). Relationship between parenting, alexithymia and adult attachment styles: A cross-sectional study on a group of adolescents and young adults. Clinical Neuropsychiatry: Journal of Treatment Evaluation, 14(2), 125–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pelton, J., Gound, M., Forehand, R., & Brody, G. (2004). The moral disengagement scale: Extension with an American minority sample. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 31–39. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007454.34707.a5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perren, S., Gutzwiller-Helfenfinger, E., Malti, T., & Hymel, S. (2012). Cyberbullying and traditional bullying in adolescence: Differential associations with moral values, moral emotions and morally disengaged justifications. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9(2), 195–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2011.643168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Preece, D. A., Mehta, A., Becerra, R., Chen, W., Allan, A., Robinson, K., Boyes, M., Hasking, P., & Gross, J. J. (2022). Why is alexithymia a risk factor for affective disorder symptoms? The role of emotion regulation. Journal of Affective Disorders, 296, 337–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.085

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Preece, D. A., Mehta, A., Petrova, K., Sikka, P., Bjureberg, J., Becerra, R., & Gross, J. J. (2023). Alexithymia and emotion regulation. Journal of Affective Disorders, 324, 232–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.065

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Preece, D., Becerra, R., Robinson, K., Dandy, J., & Allan, A. (2018). The psychometric assessment of alexithymia: Development and validation of the Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences, 132, 32–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qi, W. (2019). Harsh parenting and child aggression: Child moral disengagement as the mediator and negative parental attribution as the moderator. Child Abuse & Neglect, 91, 12–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.02.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roazzi, A., Souza, B. C., & Bilsky, W. (2015). Facet theory: Searching for structure in complex social, cultural and psychological phenomena. Editora Universitária da UFPE.

  • Roazzi, A., & Souza, B. C. (2019). Advancing facet theory as the framework of choice to understand complex phenomena in the social and human sciences. In S. H. Koller (Ed.), Psychology in Brazil: Scientists making a difference (pp. 283–309). Springer.

  • Robinson, C. C., Mandleco, B., Olsen, S. F., & Hart, C. H. (1995). Authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting practices: Development of a new measure. Psychological Reports, 77, 819–839.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robson, C., & Witenberg, R. T. (2013). The influence of moral disengagement, morally based self-esteem, age, and gender on traditional bullying and cyberbullying. Journal of School Violence, 12(2), 211–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2012.762921

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saladino, V., Mosca, O., Lauriola, M., Hoelzlhammer, L., Cabras, C., & Verrastro, V. (2020). Is family structure Associated with Deviance Propensity during Adolescence? The role of family climate and anger dysregulation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(24), 9257. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249257

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Salavera, C., Usán, P., & Quilez-Robres, A. (2022). Exploring the effect of parental styles on social skills: The mediating role of affects. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(6), 3295. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063295

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Saltzstein, H. D., Roazzi, A., & Dias, M. D. G. (2003). The moral choices children attribute to adults and to peers: Implications for moral acquisition. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 18, 295–307. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03173250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shulman, E. P., Cauffman, E., Piquero, A. R., & Fagan, J. (2011). Moral disengagement among serious juvenile offenders: A longitudinal study of the relations between morally disengaged attitudes and offending. Developmental Psychology, 47(6), 1619–1632. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025404

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sighinolfi, C., Norcini Pala, A., Chiri, L. R., Marchetti, I., & Sica, C. (2010). Difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS): Traduzione E Adattamento Italiano [Difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS): The Italian translation and adaptation]. Psicoterapia Cognitiva E Comportamentale, 16(2), 141–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tagliabue, S., Olivari, M. G., Bacchini, D., Affuso, G., & Confalonieri, E. (2014). Measuring adolescents’ perceptions of parenting style during childhood: Psychometric properties of the parenting styles and dimensions questionnaire. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 30(3), 251–258. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-37722014000300002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, G. J., Bagby, R. M., & Parker, J. D. (1999). Disorders of affect regulation: Alexithymia in medical and psychiatric Illness. Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Lissa, C. J., Keizer, R., Van Lier, P., Meeus, W., & Branje, S. (2019). The role of fathers’ versus mothers’ parenting in emotion-regulation development from mid-late adolescence: Disentangling between-family differences from within-family effects. Developmental Psychology, 55(2), 377–389. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000612

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wachs, S., Bilz, L., Wettstein, A., Wright, M. F., Kansok-Dusche, J., Krause, N., & Ballaschk, C. (2022). Associations between witnessing and perpetrating online hate speech among adolescents: Testing moderation effects of moral disengagement and empathy. Psychology of Violence, 12(6), 371–381. https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000422

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, M., & Wang, J. (2018). Negative parental attribution and emotional dysregulation in Chinese early adolescents: Harsh fathering and harsh mothering as potential mediators. Child Abuse & Neglect, 81, 12–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.04.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, X., Wang, W., Qiao, Y., Gao, L., Yang, J., & Wang, P. (2022). Parental phubbing and adolescents’ cyberbullying perpetration: A Moderated Mediation Model of Moral Disengagement and Online Disinhibition. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(7–8), NP5344–NP5366. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520961877

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yadav, P., Shukla, P., Padhi, D., & Chaudhury, S. (2021). A correlational study between perceived parenting style, psychological well-being, and emotional intelligence among adolescents. Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 30(Suppl. 1), S108–S114. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-6748.328798

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, X., Wu, Z., Li, S., Lai, J., Han, M., Chen, X., Liu, C., & Ding, D. (2020). Why people with high Alexithymia make more utilitarian judgments. Experimental Psychology, 67(1), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000474

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y., Chen, C., Teng, Z., & Guo, C. (2021). Parenting style and cyber-aggression in Chinese youth: The role of moral disengagement and moral identity. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 621878. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.621878

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The authors received no financial support for this article’s research, authorship, and/or publication.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Social Sciences and Economics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, Roma, 00185, Italy

    Lorenza Di Pentima & Alessandro Toni

  2. Department of Psychology, Federal University of Pernambuco, CFCH 8o andar, Av. Arquitetura s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, CEP 50740- 550, PE, Brasil

    Antonio Roazzi

Authors
  1. Lorenza Di Pentima
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Alessandro Toni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Antonio Roazzi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors were fully involved in the study and preparation of the manuscript. Alessandro Toni prepared material and performed data collection. Antonio Roazzi and Alessandro Toni performed statistical analyses. Lorenza Di Pentima wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Antonio Roazzi and Lorenza Di Pentima performed study supervision. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lorenza Di Pentima.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were by the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declarations of ethical standards.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Participants have voluntarily participated in the data collection process.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest relevant to the article’s content.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Di Pentima, L., Toni, A. & Roazzi, A. Moral development and parenting styles: the mediating role of emotional skills. Curr Psychol 43, 16674–16688 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-05577-y

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-05577-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation