Abstract
The nosographic structure of the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains unclear and this extends to younger age groups. Previous research has shown that adolescents express symptoms of PTSD differently in comparison with adults, highlighting potential differences and particularities of the nosographic structure of PTSD across different developmental stages. The network perspective of mental disorders is a promising approach to clarify the structure of PTSD. This study aims to identify the hierarchical modular structure of the network of PTSD symptoms in adolescents and the role of the different symptoms in that network. A sample collected in a previous study (Guo et al., 2015) of 662 adolescents (Mage = 13.05, SDage = 0.83) exposed to a pipeline explosion was reanalyzed. The PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) was used to assess symptoms of PTSD. The network of symptoms was estimated with a non-regularized method, and the characterization of the modular structure and the role of symptoms in that network was performed using the ModuLand algorithm. A structure of two levels was found with a first level with 17 symptoms and five high-order modules. The module encompassing the reexperiencing symptoms showed the highest centrality values. Symptoms transversal to various disorders have high values of overlap between modules. Our findings suggest that a modular structure encompassing five modules captures the best representation of the PTSD structure in adolescents.
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Data availability
Data was made available in a previous study performed by Guo and colleagues (2015).
Code availability
The code is available upon request to the authors.
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This study was funded by the Center for Psychology at the University of Porto, Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT UIDB/00050/2020) and EU FEDER through COMPETE 2020 program (POCI-01–0145-FEDER-007294).
The first author is supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology through the PhD grant: SFRH/BD/133231/2017.
The second author is supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology through the PhD grant: SFRH/BD/148884/2019.
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Ferreira, F., Castro, D. & Ferreira, T.B. The modular structure of posttraumatic stress disorder in adolescents. Curr Psychol 42, 13252–13264 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02538-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02538-1