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Burnout profiles: dimensionality, replicability, and associations with predictors and outcomes

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Abstract

The present study examined the distinct configurations, or profiles, taken by global and specific (cognitive weariness, physical fatigue, and emotional exhaustion) burnout dimensions, and their similarity across two independent samples of employees. In addition, this research also documented the associations between the identified burnout profiles, two predictor variables (perceived organizational support and ethical leadership), and a series of work-related outcomes (affective commitment, normative commitment, continuance commitment–perceived sacrifice, continuance commitment–lack of alternatives, job satisfaction, and perceived stress). Five distinct profiles of employees were identified using latent profile analyses: Thriving, Healthy, Weary, High Burnout, and Normative. Employees’ perceptions of organizational support were significantly related to their likelihood of belonging to all profiles. In turn, employees’ affective commitment, normative commitment, continuance commitment (perceived sacrifice and lack of alternatives), job satisfaction, and perceived stress were also found to differ as a function of profile membership.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Notes

  1. The SMBM also has the advantage of being public (i.e., free of charge), whereas the MBI is commercial.

  2. The analyses used in this study are complex, and might not be easy to understand and replicate for readers unfamiliar with them. We thus refer readers interested in learning how to estimate most models (LPA with predictors and outcomes) to consult Morin and Litalien’s (2019) user friendly introduction to mixture modeling. Those specifically interested in the combination of bifactor-CFA and LPA should also consult Morin et al. (2017). In contrast, readers seeking a more technical (or mathematical) introduction to these models should consult McLachlan and Peel (2000) or Skrondal and Rabe-Hesketh (2004).

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Author notes

  1. Nicolas Gillet and Alexandre J. S. Morin contributed equally to this article and their order was determined at random: Both should thus be considered first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Université de Tours, QualiPsy EE 1901, Tours, France

    Nicolas Gillet, Philippe Colombat & Evelyne Fouquereau

  2. Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France

    Nicolas Gillet

  3. Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Concordia University, Montréal, Canada

    Alexandre J. S. Morin

  4. Université de Tours, VALLOREM EA 6296, Tours, France

    Adama Ndiaye

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  1. Nicolas Gillet
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  2. Alexandre J. S. Morin
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  3. Philippe Colombat
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  4. Adama Ndiaye
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  5. Evelyne Fouquereau
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Correspondence to Nicolas Gillet.

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Gillet, N., Morin, A.J.S., Colombat, P. et al. Burnout profiles: dimensionality, replicability, and associations with predictors and outcomes. Curr Psychol 42, 4504–4522 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01807-3

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