Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Racialized Language and Social Complexity: The Multilayered Plurilingual Lives of Filipina Migrants in South Korea

  • Published:
Journal of International Migration and Integration Aims and scope Submit manuscript

A Correction to this article was published on 11 March 2022

This article has been updated

Abstract

Over the past two decades, South Korea has witnessed substantial demographic shifts, and especially so as a result of a rapid increase in the number of marriage migrants to the country. Focusing on the ethnographic interview accounts of Filipina migrants in Korea, the authors investigate how the performative quality of accented speech in English both enables and constrains migrant women as they attempt to navigate and negotiate power dynamics within families, social relationships, and workplaces, as well as fashion a locally contextualized sense of identity. The following research questions guide this inquiry: How do perceptions of English language and accent performance enable and constrain the social mobility and integration of Filipina marriage migrants in South Korean society? What is the relationship between English accent and racialization in contemporary Korean society as demonstrated in Filipina migrant experiences? Within the Korean context, marriage migrants from Southeast Asian countries are frequently marginalized as cultural and linguistic minorities. However, Filipina migrants’ familiarity with English adds much complexity and nuance to their circumstances and experiences. Through a broadly Bourdieuian-inspired theoretical approach, the authors examine the variegated roles the English language plays in the lives of Filipina migrants and the ways in which Filipina migrants, in turn, grapple with the nuanced racialized implications of their language skills within the larger context of social mobility and integration.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

N/A.

Code Availability

N/A.

Change history

References

  • Abelmann, N. (2003). The melodrama of mobility: Women, talk, and class in contemporary South Korea. University of Hawai’i.

  • Austin, J.L. (1975). How to do things with words. Harvard University.

  • Badenhorst, P. (2012). A shadow of white over the Land of the Morning Calm: A grounded theory study of accent performance as symbolic capital among Korean language teaching professionals [MA thesis]. Woosong University.

  • Badenhorst, P., & Makoni, S. (2017). Migrations, religions, and social flux. In S. Canagarajah (Ed.), Routledge Handbook of Migration & Language (pp. 275-295). Routledge.

  • Baumann, Z. (1998). On glocalization: Or globalization for some, localization for others. Thesis Eleven, 54, 37–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bong, Y. (2004). Yongmi: Pragmatic anti-Americanism in South Korea. Brown Journal of World Affairs, 10(2), 153–165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P. (1977). The economics of linguistic exchanges. Social Science Information, 16(6), 645–668.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P. (1972). Outline of a theory of practice. Cambridge University.

  • Bourdieu, P. (1986a). The forms of capital. In J. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education. Greenwood.

  • Bourdieu, P. (1986b). Distinction: A social critique of the judgement of taste. Harvard University.

  • Bourdieu, P. (1990). The logic of practice. Stanford University.

  • Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and symbolic power. Polity.

  • Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Canagarajah, S. (2013). Translingual practice: Global Englishes and cosmopolitan relations. Routledge.

  • Cho, J. (2017). English language ideologies in Korea: Interpreting the past and present. Springer International.

  • Choi, L. J. (2019). Legitimate bilingual competence in the making: Bilingual performance and investment of Korean-English bilinguals. International Journal of Bilingualism, 23(6), 1394–1409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Choo, H. Y. (2016). Decentering citizenship: Gender, labor, and migrant rights in South Korea. Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Comprendio, L. J. E. V., & Savski, K. (2020). ‘Asians’ and ‘Westerners’: Examining the perception of ‘(non-)native’ migrant teachers of English in Thailand. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 41(8), 673–685. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2019.1630419

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coste, D., Moore, D., & Zarate, Z. (2009). Plurilingual and pluricultural competence: Studies toward a common European framework of reference for language learning and teaching. Council of Europe: Language Policy Division. Retrieved from https://rm.coe.int/168069d29b

  • De Fina, A. (2019). The ethnographic interview. In K. Tusting (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of linguistic ethnography (pp. 154–167). Routledge.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Duchêne, A., Moyer, M., & Roberts, C. (Eds.). (2013). Language, migration and social inequalities: A critical sociolinguistic perspective on institutions. Multilingual Matters.

  • Dyson, A.H., & Genishi, C. (2005). On the case: Approaches to language and literacy research. Teachers College.

  • Eckert, P. (2000). Linguistic variation as social practice: The linguistic construction of identity in Belten High. Blackwell.

  • Em, H.H. (1999). Nationalism, post-nationalism, and Shin Ch’ae-ho. Korea Journal (summer), 283–317.

  • Errihani, M. (2016). Language attitudes and language use in Morocco: Effects of attitudes on ‘Berber language policy.’ The Journal of North African Studies, 13(4), 411–428.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fuertes, J. N., Potere, J. C., & Ramirez, K. Y. (2002). Effects of speech accents on interpersonal evaluations: Implications for counseling practice and research. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 8(4), 346–356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gramsci, A. (1971). Selections from the prison notebooks of Antonio Gramsci. International.

  • Hall, S. (1997). The local and the global: Globalization and ethnicity. In A.D. King (Ed.), Culture, Globalization, and the World System. University of Minnesota.

  • Halliday, M. A. K. (1968). The users and uses of language. In J. Fishman (Ed.), Readings in the sociology of language. Mouton.

  • Han, K.K. (2003). The anthropology of the discourse on the Koreanness of Koreans. Korea Journal (spring). 5–31.

  • Han, K.K. (2007). The archeology of the ethnically homogenous nation-state and multiculturalism in Korea. Korea Journal, (winter), 8–31.

  • Heyl, B. S. (2001). Ethnographic interviewing. In P. Atkinson, A. Coffey, S. Delamont, J. Lofland, & L. Lofland (Eds.), Handbook of ethnography. Sage.

  • Kachru, B. (1986). The power and politics of English. World Englishes, 5(2/3), 121–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kachru, B. (1992). Teaching world Englishes. In B. Kachru (Ed.), The other tongue: English across cultures (pp. 355–365). University of Illinois Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim-Bossard, M. (2016). Between the West and the others: Dilemmas of the Korean education and the normalized cultural identity. Teachers College Record. February 15th, 2016. http://www.tcrecord.org/Content.asp?ContentId=19460

  • Kim, I., & Vang, Z. M. (2020). Contending with neo-classical patriarchal bargain: Filipina marriage migrants’ negotiations for naturalization in South Korea. Citizenship Studies, 24(2), 209–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2019.1700915

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Korean Ministry of Justice / 법무부. (2017). 2016 annual statistics report for foreigner immigration policy / 2016년 출입국 외국인정책 통계연보. Retrieved from https://www.korea.kr/archive/expDocView.do?docId=38075

  • Korea National Statistical Office / 통계청. (2019). 2018 private education expense report for elementary, middle, and high school students / 2018년 초중고 사교육비 조사 결과. Retrieved from https://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/kor_nw/1/7/1/index.board?bmode=read&aSeq=373552

  • Korea National Statistical Office / 통계청. (2020). International marriage status / 국제결혼 현황. Retrieved from https://www.index.go.kr/potal/main/EachDtlPageDetail.do?idx_cd=2430

  • Kramsch, C. (1993). Context and culture in language teaching. Oxford University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kruglanski, A. W., Raviv, A., Bar-Tal, D., Raviv, A., Sharvit, K., Ellis, S., Bar, R., Pierro, A., & Mannetti, L. (2005). Says who?: Epistemic authority effects in social judgment. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (pp. 345–392). Elsevier Academic.

  • Labov, W. (1972). Sociolinguistic patterns. University of Pennsylvania.

  • Lan, P.-C. (2011). White privilege, language capital, and cultural ghettolization: Western high-skilled migrants in Taiwan. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 37(10), 1669–1693. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2011.613337

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, I. (2009). Situated globalization and racism: An analysis of Korean high school EFL textbooks. Language and Literacy, 11(1), 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lippi-Green, R. (1994). Accent, standard language ideology, and discriminatory pretext in courts. Language in Society, 23, 163–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lorente, B. P. (2017). Scripts of servitude: Language, labor migration and transnational domestic workers. Multilingual Matters.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lorente, B. P., & Tupas, T. R. F. (2014). (Un)Emancipatory hybridity: Selling English in an unequal world. In R. Rubdy & L. Alsagoff (Eds.), The global-local interface and hybridity: Exploring language and identity (pp. 66–82). Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maguire, M., & Delahunt, B. (2017). Doing a thematic analysis: A practical, step-by-step guide for learning and teaching scholars. All Ireland Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 8(3), 3351–3364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendoza-Denton, N. (2004). Language and identity. In J.K. Chambers., P. Trudgill & Schilling-Estes, N (Eds.), The handbook of language variation and change (pp. 475–499). Blackwell.

  • Moll, L. C., Amanti, C., Neff, D., & Gonzalez, N. (1992). Funds of knowledge for teaching: Using a qualitative approach to connect homes and classrooms. Theory into Practice, 31(2), 132–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405849209543534

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norton, B. (1997). Language, identity, and the ownership of English. TESOL Quarterly, 31, 409–429.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic analysis: Striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847

  • Oh, K-W. (2013, October 6). Korean teachers rank 4th in respect: Study. The Korea Herald. Retrieved from http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20131006000200

  • Park, M. Y. (2019). Challenges of maintaining the mother’s language: Marriage-migrants and their mixed-heritage children in South Korea. Language and Education, 33(5), 431–444. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500782.2019.1582662

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park, S. J., & Abelmann, N. (2004). Class and cosmopolitan striving: Mothers’ management of English education in South Korea. Anthropological Quarterly, 77(4), 645–672.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park, J.S.Y. (2009). The local construction of a global language: Ideologies of English in South Korea. Mouton de Gruyter.

  • Phillipson, R. (1992). Linguistic imperialism. Oxford University.

  • Ruecker, T., & Ives, L. (2014). White native English speakers needed: The rhetorical construction of privilege in online teacher recruitment. TESOL Quarterly, 49(4), 733–756.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruffin, R. (2010, September 24). English language education in Korea, fad or future? Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved from http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/n_feature/2010/09/17/86/4901000000AEN20100917002200315F.HTML

  • Shin, H. (2006). Rethinking TESOL from a SOL’s perspective: Indigenous epistemology and decolonizing praxis in TESOL. Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, 3(2/3), 147–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shin, H. & Lee, B. (2019) “English divide” and ELT in Korea: Towards critical ELT policy and practices. In X. Gao (Ed.), Second Handbook of English Language Teaching. Springer International Handbooks of Education. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02899-2_5

  • Spradley, J. P. (1979). The ethnographic interview. Harcourt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stock, I., & Fröhlich, J. J. (2021). Migrants’ social positioning strategies in transnational social spaces. Social Inclusion, 9(1), 91–103. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v9i1.3584

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swartz, D. (1997). Culture and power: The sociology of Pierre Bourdieu. University of Chicago.

  • Twine, F.W., & Gallagher, C. (2008). The future of whiteness: A map of the ‘third wave.’ Ethnic and Racial Studies, 31(1), 4–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870701538836.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This research was funded by the 2019 Korea Foundation Fellowship for Field Research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to MinSoo Kim-Bossard.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kim-Bossard, M., Badenhorst, P. Racialized Language and Social Complexity: The Multilayered Plurilingual Lives of Filipina Migrants in South Korea. Int. Migration & Integration 24, 91–109 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-022-00936-3

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-022-00936-3

Keywords

Navigation