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Lipidic Nanosystem as State-of-the-Art Nanovehicle for Biomedical Applications

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Abstract

Lipids have tremendously transformed the biomedical field, especially in the last few decades. Nanosystems, especially Lipid nanocapsules (LNCs), have emerged as the most demanding nanovehicle systems for delivering drugs, genes, and other diagnostic agents. Unique attributes and characteristic features such as higher encapsulation efficiency, stealth effect, ability to solubilize a wide range of drugs, capability to inhibit P-gp efflux pumps, and higher stability play a vital role in engaging this nanosystem. LNCs are a lipid-based nano-drug delivery method that combines the most significant traits of liposomes with polymeric nanoparticles. Structurally, LNCs have an oily core consisting of medium and long triglycerides and an aqueous phase encased in an amphiphilic shell. This manuscript crosstalks LNCs for various biomedical applications. A detailed elaboration of the structural composition, methods of preparation, and quality control aspects has also been attained, with particular emphasis on application approaches, ongoing challenges, and their possible resolution. The manuscript also expounds the preclinical data and discusses the patents atlas of LNCs to assist biomedical scientists working in this area and foster additional research.

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© 2022 American Chemical Society

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Abbreviations

AIDS:

Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome

AMPs:

Antimicrobial peptides

AUC :

Area under the curve

CNS:

Central nervous system

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DSC:

Differential scanning calorimetry

EPR :

Enhanced permeation and retention

FDA:

Food and drug administration

FTIR:

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

GRAS:

Generally regarded as safe

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

LNCs:

LNCs

MAB:

Monoclonal Antibodies

MSNs:

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles

O/W:

Oil in water

PBS:

Phosphate bovine serum

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PEO:

Poly ethylene oxide

PIT:

Phase inversion temperature

PIZ:

Phase inversion zone

PK/PD:

Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic

PNIPAM:

Poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide

PTX:

Paclitaxel

RPV:

Ropivacaine

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

si-RNA:

Small interfering RNA

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

W/O:

Water in oil

XRD:

X-Ray diffraction analysis

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Acknowledgements

The author, RKT, acknowledges the Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, India, for supporting the drug discovery and formulation research at NIPER Ahmedabad. R.K.T also acknowledges the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, for a Core Research Grant funding (File No. CRG/2021/005402) and also acknowledges the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, for the grant File Id: 2021-14161 and grant File Id: IIRP-2023-4849/F1 for supporting research in RKT lab.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), An Institute of National Importance, Ahmedabad, India

    Shivam Otavi, Niyatiben Lad, Sweety Shah, Aniket Navale, Sweta Acharya, Gagandeep Kaur, Mahima Mishra & Rakesh Kumar Tekade

  2. Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, 382355, Palaj, Gujarat, India

    Shivam Otavi, Niyatiben Lad, Sweety Shah, Aniket Navale, Sweta Acharya, Gagandeep Kaur, Mahima Mishra & Rakesh Kumar Tekade

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  1. Shivam Otavi
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Otavi, S., Lad, N., Shah, S. et al. Lipidic Nanosystem as State-of-the-Art Nanovehicle for Biomedical Applications. Indian J Microbiol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-024-01298-3

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