Abstract
Background: College students risk hearing loss due to loud sound exposure during leisure activities. Hearing loss prevention is possible by reducing the noise from the source, using hearing protection devices and increasing their knowledge and awareness on the effects of loud sound exposure. Objective: The study aims to assess the knowledge and attitude of college students regarding hearing loss and its prevention. Study design: A cross-sectional study design with a survey method was adopted. A total of 94 college students (mean age: 22 years; range: 18 to 26) who were pursuing an undergraduate and postgraduate degree (50 males and 44 females) formed the part of the study. The researcher administered a standardized self-reported Knowledge, Attitude and Behaviour questionnaire. The knowledge score in percentage and absolute scores for attitude were estimated. Results: The mean knowledge score was 35.8 (SD ± 12.18; range: 12.5–75), and the attitude score was + 9.8 (SD ± 7.1; range: − 4 to + 30). Chi square test revealed no significant association between knowledge and attitude to sociodemographic characteristics. Conclusion: The study indicated that though college students lack knowledge, they had a positive attitude regarding hearing health and its protection. These findings implicate the importance of creating awareness and encouraging hearing protection strategies for college students.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
The data sets are available with corresponding author and will be provided through contacting through mail.
References
Smith AW (1998) The World Health Organization and the prevention of deafness and hearing impairment caused by noise. Noise and Health 1(1):6
Davis A (2008) Potential health risks of exposure to noise from personal music players and mobile phones including a music playing function. October 2008
World Health Organization (2015) World hearing day 2015: Make listening safe. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/activities/MLS/en/
Hunter A (2018) There are more important things to worry about: attitudes and behaviours towards leisure noise and use of hearing Protection in Young adults. Int J Audiol 57:449–456
Rawool VW, Colligon-Wayne LA (2008) Auditory lifestyles and beliefs related to hearing loss among college students in the USA. Noise Health 10:1
Berger EH, Neitzel R, Kladden CA (2006) Noise navigatorTM sound level database with over 1700 measurement values. University of Washington, Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, Seattle. Available at http://www.ear.com/pdf/hearingcons/NoiseNav. xls. Accessed, 8, p.20
Keppler H, Dhooge I, Vinck BM (2015) Hearing in young adults. Part II: the effects of recreational noise exposure. Noise Health 17:245–252
Williams W, Beach EF, Gilliver M (2010) Clubbing: the cumulative effect of noise exposure from attendance at dance clubs and night clubs on whole-of-life noise exposure. Noise Health 12:155–158
Beach EF, Williams W, Gilliver M (2013) Estimating young Australian adults’ risk of hearing damage from selected leisure activities. Ear Hear 34:75–82
Smith PA, Davis A, Ferguson M, Lutman ME (2000) The prevalence and type of social noise exposure in young adults in England. Noise Health 2:41–56
Gupta N, Sharma A, Singh PP, Goyal A, Sao R (2014) Assessment of knowledge of harmful effects and exposure to recreational music in college students of Delhi: a cross sectional exploratory study. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 66:254–259
Biassoni EC, Serra MR, Richter U, Joekes S, Yacci MR, Carignani JA, Abraham S, Minoldo G, Franco G (2005) Recreational noise exposure and its effects on the hearing of adolescents. Part II: development of hearing disorders. Int J Audiol 44:74–85
Daniel E (2007) Noise and hearing loss: a review. J Sch Health 77:225–231
Mina M, Loughran MT, Dawes P (2023) Attitudes towards hearing, hearing loss, and hearing protection in university students. Int J Audiol 20:1–8
Sliwinska-Kowalska M, Davis A (2012) Noise-induced hearing loss. Noise Health 14:274–280
Pawlaczyk-Luszczynska M, Dudarewicz A, Zaborowski K, Zamojska M, Sliwinska-Kowalska M (2013) Noise-induced hearing loss: research in central, eastern and south-eastern Europe and newly Independent states. Noise Health 15:55
Fligor BJ, Cox LC (2004) Output levels of commercially available portable compact disc players and the potential risk to hearing. Ear Hear 25:513–527
Joubert K, Sebothoma B, Kgare KS (2017) Public awareness of audiology, hearing and hearing health in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. S Afr J Commun Disord, 28;64:e1-e9
Naik K, Pai S (2014) High frequency hearing loss in students used to ear phone music: a randomized trial of 1,000 students. Indian J Otol 20:29
Chung JH, Des Roches CM, Meunier J, Eavey RD (2005) Evaluation of noise-induced hearing loss in young people using a web-based survey technique. Ped 115:861–867
Crandell C, Mills TL, Gauthier R (2004) Knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes about hearing loss and hearing protection among racial/ethnically diverse young adults. J Natl Med Assoc 96:176
Widen SE, Holmes AE, Johnson T, Bohlin M, Erlandsson SI (2009) Hearing, use of hearing protection, and attitudes towards noise among young American adults. Int J Audiol 48:537–545
Hoover A, Krishnamurti S (2010) Survey of college students’ MP3 listening: habits, safety issues, attitudes, and education. Am J Audiol 19:73–83
Danhauer JL, Johnson CE, Byrd A, DeGood L, Meuel C, Pecile A, Koch LL (2009) Survey of college students on iPod use and hearing health. J Am Acad Audiol 20:5–27
Saunders GH, Dann SM, Griest SE, Frederick MT (2014) Development and evaluation of a questionnaire to assess knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors towards hearing loss prevention. Int J Audiol 53:209–218
Balanay JA, Kearney GD (2015) Attitudes toward noise, perceived hearing symptoms, and reported use of hearing protection among college students: influence of youth culture. Noise Health 17:394
Pursley AJ, Saunders GH (2016) Knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and noise exposure of baristas. Int J Audiol 55:184–188
Han MK, Kim SJ (2021) Relationships between hearing symptoms, attitudes toward noise, and Use of hearing protection among college students. Commun Sci Disord 26:510–524
Saunders G, Forsline A, Jacobs P (2007) The attitudes towards loss of hearing questionnaire (ALHQ): a comparison of paper and electronic formats. J Am Acad Audiol 18:66–77
Olsen SE, Erlandsson SI (2004) Youth Attitude to Noise Scale (YANS)., Olsen SE (2004). Psychological aspects of adolescents’ perceptions and habits in noisy environments. Licentiate dissertation (unpublished). Department of Psychology, University of Göteborg, Sweden
Manchaiah V, Danermark B, Ahmadi T, Tomé D, Zhao F, Li Q, Krishna R, Germundsson P (2015) Social representation of hearing loss. A cross cultural exploratory study in India, Iran, Portugal and the UK. Clin Interv Aging 10:1857–1872
Widen SE, Holmes AE, Erlandsson SI (2006) Reported hearing protection use in young adults from Sweden and the USA: effects of attitude and gender. Int J Audiol 45:273–280
Olsen-Widen SE, Erlandsson SI (2004) The influence of socio-economic status on adolescent attitude to social noise and hearing protection. Noise Health 7:59–70
Holmes AE, Widén SE, Erlandsson S, Carver CL, White LL (2007) Perceived hearing status and attitudes toward noise in young adults. Am J Audiol 16:S182–S189
Chung JH, Des Roches CM, Meunier J, Eavey RD (2005) Evaluation of noise-induced hearing loss in young people using a web-based survey technique. Ped 115:861–867
Lass N, Woodford C, Everly-Myers D (1989) A survey of college students’ knowledge and awareness of hearing, hearing loss, and hearing health. NSSLHA J, (17), 90–94
Saunders GH, Vachhani JJ, Galvez G, Griest SE (2015) Formative evaluation of a multimedia self-administered computerized hearing loss prevention program. Int J Audiol 54:234–240
Alnuman N, Ghnimat T (2019) Awareness of noise-Induced hearing loss and use of hearing Protection among young adults in Jordan. Int J Environ Res Public Health 16(16):2961
Wang D, Li C, Wang Y, Wang S, Wu S, Zhang S, Xu L (2021) Health Education Intervention on Hearing Health Risk Behaviors in College Students. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18:1560
Funding
This research did not receive any specific grant from any agency in the public, commercial or not -for- profit specific sector.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
TJ: contributions towards data collection, documentation, and intellectual substance; KG: contributions to the idea, interpretation, intellectual substance of the paper, and draft of the manuscript; BPG: intellectual substance, draft of the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical Approval
The study was approved by Manipal College of Health Professions Institutional Research Committee, and ethical clearance was obtained from KMC and KH Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC 581/2016).
Informed Consent
All authors consented to the research paper and agreed to be responsible for all work.
Conflict of Interest
All authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Jacob, T., Ganapathy, K. & P.G., B. A Survey of Knowledge and Attitude of College Students Toward Hearing Loss Prevention. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 76, 1841–1847 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-023-04424-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-023-04424-7