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Dietary Risk Factors in Upper Aero-Digestive Tract Cancers

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Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The Upper AeroDigestive Tract (UADT) cancers are most common, invasive and have high morbidity. The two leading risk factors, smoking and alcohol, are well known but there is a long list of other risk factors which are not that well talked about. The aim of this study was to ascertain the dietary factors which could be important in their prevention.The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for relevant studies from January 2001 to November 2021. Refined grains were found directly related to the risk of UADT cancer while the whole grain cereals were found protective. Significant inverse associations were observed for the highest compared to the lowest tertile of whole grains and yellow/orange vegetables. Stricter adherence to the Mediterranean diet was seen associated with a substantial and significant decrease in UADT cancer risk. A significant inverse association was also found between yoghurt intake and UADT cancer risk. Consumption of three or more cups of coffee per day was found to have a significant inverse association with UADT cancer. Carcinogenicity of cannabis consumption was observed for regular cannabis smokers (> 1 per day for years). The current study concludes that the protective dietary factors have substantial activity in the prevention of UADT cancer. Nevertheless, basic research is required in investigating the role of these dietary factors and valid biomarkers will be important for chemoprevention studies. The basic research on risk factors on the basis of current knowledge would ultimately lead to the better prevention of UADT cancer.

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Funding

The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work. No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript. No funding was received for conducting this study. No funds, grants, or other support were received.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Parul University, Limda, Waghodia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India

    Mohan Bansal

  2. Food and Nutrition, Seattle, WA, USA

    Tejal Kushal Gupta

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  1. Mohan Bansal
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  2. Tejal Kushal Gupta
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Correspondence to Mohan Bansal.

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The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. The authors have s no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. The authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. The authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article.

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Bansal, M., Gupta, T.K. Dietary Risk Factors in Upper Aero-Digestive Tract Cancers. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 74 (Suppl 3), 6356–6361 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-022-03093-2

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