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Estimating the industrial waste heat recovery potential based on CO2 emissions in the European non-metallic mineral industry

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Abstract

Industrial waste heat (IWH) is a key strategy to improve energy efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions in the industry. But its potential for different countries remains unclear due to a non-existent or inconsistent data basis. The objective of this paper is to assess the IWH potential of the European non-metallic mineral industry, using databases which comprise CO2 emissions of more than 400 industrial sites as well as country- and sector-specific parameters. This sector is selected because of its homogenous nature, meaning that most sites carry out similar or the same processes, which facilitates site-level modelling with subsector-level assumptions. The bottom-up approach is employed to derive the IWH potential for this industry over the period 2007–2012. Average results in this period show an IWH potential per site of 0.33 PJ/a and a potential for the whole sector of 134 PJ/a. The countries with the largest IWH potentials are Germany, Italy, France and Spain with yearly average potentials of 23, 19, 17 and 16 PJ, respectively. The subsector with the most IWH potential is cement. Further work should focus on the improvement of methodologies to assess the IWH potential, in particular through a techno-economic assessment of links between IWH sources and potential sinks.

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Abbreviations

Abbreviation:

Definition Units

IWH:

Industrial waste heat PJ

E-PRTR:

European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register −

EU ETS:

EU ETS −

NACE:

Nomenclature of Economic Activities −

GIS:

Geographic information system −

K T :

Overall emission factor for the subsector tCO2/PJ

C T :

Total emissions of the site tCO2

F C :

Combustion emission fraction −

ŋ C :

Efficiency conversion from fuel to heat −

L F :

Load factor −

R F :

Recovery fraction −

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Catalan Government for the quality accreditation given to their research group GREA (2014 SGR 123). Laia Miró would like to thank the Spanish Government for her research fellowship (BES-2012-051861) and its funding for short research stays (EEBB-I-15-09843).

Funding

The work is partially funded by the Spanish Government (ENE2015-64117-C5-1-R (MINECO/FEDER)). This project has received funding from the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement No PIRSES-GA-2013-610692 (INNOSTORAGE) and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under Grant Agreement No 657466 (INPATH-TES).

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Author notes

  1. Tobias Jäger

    Present address: Institute for Micro Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. GREA Innovaciό Concurrent, Edifici CREA, Universitat de Lleida, Pere de Cabrera s/n, 25001, Lleida, Spain

    Laia Miró & Luisa F. Cabeza

  2. Institute for Industrial Production (IIP), Chair of Energy Economics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hertzstraße 16, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany

    Russell McKenna & Tobias Jäger

Authors
  1. Laia Miró
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  2. Russell McKenna
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  3. Tobias Jäger
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  4. Luisa F. Cabeza
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luisa F. Cabeza.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Appendix

Appendix

Table 8 Non-metallic mineral subsector CO2 emissions per country and year, based on E-PRTR (The European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) 2016) database
Full size table
Table 9 Non-metallic mineral subsector number of sites, based on E-PRTR (The European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) 2016) database
Full size table
Table 10 Emission factor sector of the non-metallic mineral sector, based on EUROSTAT (2017) database and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2006)
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Miró, L., McKenna, R., Jäger, T. et al. Estimating the industrial waste heat recovery potential based on CO2 emissions in the European non-metallic mineral industry. Energy Efficiency 11, 427–443 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-017-9575-7

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