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Geochemistry of ultramafic–mafic rocks of Mesoarchean Sargur Group, western Dharwar craton, India: Implications for their petrogenesis and tectonic setting

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Abstract

The Nuggihalli and Holenarsipur greenstone belts of the western Dharwar craton expose ultramafic–mafic rocks of the Mesoarchean. The rocks in these belts are geochemically considered as komatiites and komatiitic basalts with minor occurrences of tholeiitic and calc-alkaline basalts. The dominant ultramafic rocks of the Nuggihalli greenstone belt are layered and indicate fractionation processes at relatively shallower crustal levels. The Al-undepleted and Al-depleted signatures obtained could be attributed to magmatic differentiation processes and might be due to fractional crystallization of minerals such as hornblende and plagioclase, in addition to cumulus olivine and pyroxene. The chemical heterogeneity in the rocks of these greenstone belts might have therefore developed during the intrusion of the parental melts and their differentiation into a layered igneous complex. The differences in the lithological characteristics of the Holenarsipur and Nuggihalli greenstone belts can be explained by their different crustal levels of exposure. Presence of spinifex-textured komatiites need not necessarily imply that the sources have to be ultramafic and therefore of a deeper origin. This study indicates that the parental melts for unambiguous layered intrusive ultramafic–mafic complexes could be high-Mg basalts originating from relatively shallower levels. The probable geodynamic setting for the emplacement of the rocks of the two greenstone belts could be in a plume-modified mid-ocean ridge that was too thick and buoyant to be subducted, and the decompression-melted magma chamber developed igneous layering as the magma stalled in the lithosphere.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the support given by Mr. Nibin Tom, Superintending Geologist, Geological Survey of India, during the field work and lengthy discussions with him. KP acknowledges the Junior Research Fellowship provided by IIT (ISM) Dhanbad. Laboratory support extended by NCESS, Thiruvananthapuram is also acknowledged. The laboratory facilities in the Department of Applied Geology, IIT(ISM), funded through DST FIST Level II project No. SR/FST/ESII-014/2012(C), are also acknowledged. Excellent inputs from an anonymous reviewer had improved the manuscript substantially.

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  1. Department of Applied Geology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826 004, India

    Kiranmala Patra & R Anand

  2. Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India

    S Balakrishnan & Jitendra K Dash

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Patra, K., Anand, R., Balakrishnan, S. et al. Geochemistry of ultramafic–mafic rocks of Mesoarchean Sargur Group, western Dharwar craton, India: Implications for their petrogenesis and tectonic setting. J Earth Syst Sci 129, 26 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-019-1269-4

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