Abstract
An efficient, environmentally benign and green method was developed for the synthesis of α-aminophosphonates by one-pot three-component reaction (Kabachnik-Fields reaction) of amine (4-(4-chlorophenoxy)aniline), aldehydes and diethyl phosphite using catalyst, SiO2-ZnBr 2 under solvent-free conditions. The developed method under conventional conditions was further optimized in microwave and ultrasonication methods. A series of α-aminophosphonates, diethyl (4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenylamino)(aryl/ heteroaryl)methylphosphonates was synthesized to check the generality. The catalyst, SiO2-ZnBr2 afforded good yields of products in all the methods in the range of 85–97% but variation was observed in reaction time. Microwave irradiation method took very less time (4–8 min) as compared with ultrasonication (35–52 min) and conventional (2–3 h) conditions. The major advantages are simple and mild conditions, short reaction times, high yield of the product with purity, use of cheap catalyst and reusability of the catalyst until to three times without significant loss of activity. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were evaluated for the title compounds (50 and 100 μg/mL) including minimum inhibitory concentrations. A few of the newly synthesized α-aminophosphonates exhibited promising antimicrobial activity at lower MIC values in the range of 15.0–25.0 μg/mL and closer to the standards (5–12 μg/mL).
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The authors are thankful to Hyderabad Central University, Osmania University and Department of Biochemistry, S. V. University for providing instrumentation facilities to characterize the compounds and biological data.
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Numbering figure of the title compounds (Figure S1), spectroscopic data of the compounds, the relevant spectra (1H NMR, 13C NMR, 31P NMR and mass spectra) of compound 5j (Figure S2–S5), and antibacterial (Table S1) and antifungal (Table S2) activities data are given in Supplementary Information. Supplementary Information is available at www.ias.ac.in/chemsci.
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SIVALA, M.R., DEVINENI, S.R., GOLLA, M. et al. A heterogeneous catalyst, SiO2-ZnBr2: An efficient neat access for α-aminophosphonates and antimicrobial activity evaluation. J Chem Sci 128, 1303–1313 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12039-016-1113-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12039-016-1113-1