Abstract
The spectral region between 1250–3000 \(\AA \) contains important spectral lines to understand the morphological structures and evolution of planetary nebulae. This is the region sampled by UVIT through various filter bands both in the continuum and in emission lines (e.g.. [C iv], [He i], [Mg ii] etc.). We have mapped several planetary nebulae with different characteristics, ranging in morphology from bipolar to wide and diffuse, and in various states of ionization, comparing the UV with the X-ray morphologies wherever the X-ray images were also available. The major unanticipated discovery with UVIT has been the detection of previously undetected, cold, fluorescent, \(\hbox {H}_2\) gas surrounding some planetary nebulae. This may be a possible solution to the missing mass problem. Here we present a review of our studies so far done (both published and on going) with UVIT.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to express our sincere thanks to several people who have helped us in carrying out this study of PNs, especially K. Sriram, Arturo Manchado for supplying ground based images of some the PN in nebular lines, Don Goldman for the colour image of EGB 6, and Annapurni Subramaniam for the contour images of NGC 7293. This publication uses the data from the AstroSat mission of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), archived at the Indian Space Science Data Centre (ISSDC). The publication uses UVIT data processed by the payload operations centre at IIA. The UVIT is built in collaboration between IIA, IUCAA, TIFR, ISRO and CSA. UVIT and AstroSat observatory development took about two decades before launch. Several people from several agencies were involved in this effort. We would like to thank them all collectively. NKR would like thank Department of Science and Technology for their support through grant SERB/F/2143/2016-17 ‘Aspects in Stellar and Galactic Evolution’. Some of the data presented in this paper (eg. GALEX, IUE, HST) were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Support for MAST for non-HST data is provided by the NASA Office of Space Science via grant NNX09AF08G and by other grants and contracts.
AKR acknowledges the support of the Raja Ramanna Fellowship of the Department of Atomic Energy prior to the submission of this work.
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This article is part of the Special Issue on “AstroSat: Five Years in Orbit”.
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Rao, N.K., Sutaria, F., Murthy, J. et al. Planetary nebulae with UVIT: A progress report. J Astrophys Astron 42, 71 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12036-021-09698-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12036-021-09698-3