Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Influence of catalyst loading on photocatalytic degradation efficiency of CTAB-assisted TiO2 photocatalyst towards methylene blue dye solution

  • Published:
Bulletin of Materials Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

TiO2 photocatalysts were synthesized by facile sol–gel process with compensation of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). We report the influence of CTAB addition on morphological, electronic properties, stoichiometric and photocatalytic activity of anatase-enriched CTAB–TiO2. Here CTAB acts as a good surface modifier. Observed quenched photoluminescence (PL) intensity signifies high charge separation rate and reduced recombination probability of charge carriers. CTAB takes part in trapping electrons, which hinders the recombination of electron–hole pairs. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses show the formation of oxygen vacancies and Ti3+-defect states. These defect states are also confirmed from PL analysis. X-ray diffraction pattern reveals the increase of crystallinity of the catalyst sample on increasing CTAB amount in the TiO2 matrix. The estimated decreasing nature of particle size of the samples claimed that agglomeration of particles was destroyed with addition of CTAB and the surface area increases accordingly. The broadening of XRD patterns for higher CTAB-assisted samples was attributed to the formation of point defects. Here, results show that the bridging oxygen vacancies and other defect states played a crucial role by interacting with water molecules and dissociation of the Ti-O bonds to form titanium ions. Photocatalytic activity of methylene blue degradation in UV light by varying catalyst loading was investigated. Kinetic modelling of degradation has been established in this study. Photodegradation of dye increases at higher amounts of catalysts due to the presence of more OH. radicals in the active sites.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Corradi A B, Bondioli F, Focher B, Ferrari A M, Grippo C, Mariani E et al 2005 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 88 2639

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Huang C-H, Yang Y-T and Doong R-A 2011 Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 142 473

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Wang H E, Zhen L X, Liu C P, Liu Y K, Luan C Y, Cheng H et al 2011 J. Phys. Chem. C 115 10419

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Feng L, Pamidighantam B and Lauterbur P C 2010 Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 396 1607

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Luo L, Rossell M D, Xie D, Erni R and Niederberger M 2013 ACS Sust. Chem. Eng. 1 152

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Afzal S, Samsudi E M, Mun L K, Julkapli N M and Abd Hamid S B 2017 Mater. Res. Bull. 86 24

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Chen X and Mao S S 2007 Chem. Rev. 107 2891

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Chuangchote S, Jitputt J, Sagawa T and Yoshikawa S 2009 ACS Appl. Mater. Inter. 1 1140

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Nakata K and Fujishima A 2012 J. Photochem. Photobio. C: Photochem. Rev. 13 169

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Zhao W, Li Y, Zhang M, Chen J, Xie L, Shi Q et al 2016 Chem. Eng. J. 283 105

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Singh A K and Nakate U T 2013 J. Nanopart. 2013

  12. Segawa T, Fukasawa T, Huang A N, Yamada Y, Suzuki M and Fukui K 2016 Chem. Eng. Sci. 153 108

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Tompsett G A, Conner W C and Yngvesson K S 2006 Chemphyschem 7 296

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Barreto G P, Morales G and Quintanilla M L L 2013 J. Mater. 2013 1

    Google Scholar 

  15. Akgsornpeak A, Witoon T, Mungcharoen T and Limtrakul J 2014 Chem. Eng. J. 237 189

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Pei Z, Gao X, Zhang Y and Lu X 2014 Mater. Lett. 116 215

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Almeida M A P, Cavalcante L S, Varela J A, Li M S and Longo E 2012 Adv. Powder Tech. 23 124

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Bo Zhong J and zhang Li J, Mei Feng F, Tiang Huang S and Zeng J, 2013 Lett. 100 195

    Google Scholar 

  19. Finazzi E, Di Valentin C and Pacchioni G 2009 J. Phys. Chem. C 113 3382

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Bak T, Nowotny J, Rekas M and Sorrell C C 2003 J. Phys. Chem. Solids 64 1057

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Grochla E and Gaugler E (eds.) 1990 Handbook of German business management (CE Poeschel)

  22. Pichat P 1986 in E Pelizzetti and N Serpone (eds.) Homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalysis D. Reidel Publ. Co, p 533

  23. Neena D, Kondamareddy K K, Bin H, Lu D, Kumar P, Dwivedi R K et al 2018 Sci. Rep. 8 1

    Google Scholar 

  24. Heinze J 1990 Electrochem. IV 47 (Berlin: Springer)

  25. Huang D, Liao S, Quan S, Liu L, He Z, Wan J et al 2007 J. Mater. Res. 22 2389

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Zhang Y and Lu J 2008 Cryst. Growth Design 8 2101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Mekprasart W, Khumtong T, Rattanarak J, Techitdheera W and Pecharapa W 2013 Energy Procedia 34 746

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Soltani N, Gharibshahi E and Saion E 2012 Chalcogenide Lett. 9 321

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Xiao-Hong L, Xiang-Ying S and Rui-Zhou Z 2019 RSC Adv. 9 27646

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Li R, Chen G, Dong G and Sun X 2014 New J. Chem. 38 4684

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to CRF and DST-FIST facility, IIT(ISM) Dhanbad, for providing FESEM and PL characterization, respectively. IIT Kanpur is highly acknowledged for its XPS and XRD facility. We are also thankful to the Department of Petroleum Engineering, IIT(ISM) Dhanbad, for providing us with an FTIR facility. We are thankful to IIT(ISM) Dhanbad, for providing the financial support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Micro and Nano Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India

    Kazi Hasibur Rahman & Asit Kumar Kar

Authors
  1. Kazi Hasibur Rahman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Asit Kumar Kar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kazi Hasibur Rahman.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Rahman, K.H., Kar, A.K. Influence of catalyst loading on photocatalytic degradation efficiency of CTAB-assisted TiO2 photocatalyst towards methylene blue dye solution. Bull Mater Sci 45, 18 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-021-02600-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-021-02600-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation