Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Incidence Trends of Gastric Cancer in Southern Iran: Adenocarcinoma and Non-cardia Gastric Cancer Are More Rising Among Younger Ages

  • Original Research
  • Published:
Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Gastric Cancer (GC) is still one of the major causes of cancer mortality. Due to health-related transitions, the epidemiology of GC subtypes may change. These changes may have profound effects on clinical approaches as well as on public health management of GC. Iran, as a developing country, has experienced huge demographic and epidemiological transitions during the recent decades. This study aimed to investigate the subtype-specific population-based incidence trends of GC in southern Iran.

Methods

We used data on GC incidence in southern Iran during 2001–2015. Data preparation and subtype grouping were done based on the ICD-O-3. The trends of Age-Standardized incidence Rate (ASR), truncated ASRs, incidence rate of adenocarcinoma, and cardia GC, and age-gender specific rates were analyzed using joinpoint regression modeling. Annual Percentage Change (APC) and its 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were estimated.

Results

Overall APC was estimated as 7.2 for males and 8.7 for females. The estimated APCs for the trends of overall GC, and gastric adenocarcinoma were stable in both genders during 2009-2015. Nonetheless, cardia GC showed increasing trends in both genders. The estimated APCs for the trends of non-cardia GC was also stable.

Conclusion

The overall trends of the GC incidence in southern Iran were stable during the past decade. However, significant and different changes have occured in the pattern of GC. Thus, etiological and prognostic studies are needed for the improvement of GC management in Iran.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

  1. Rawla P, Barsouk A. Epidemiology of gastric cancer: global trends, risk factors and prevention. Prz Gastroenterol. 2019;14(1):26–38. https://doi.org/10.5114/pg.2018.80001.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Ferro A, Peleteiro B, Malvezzi M, et al. Worldwide trends in gastric cancer mortality (1980–2011), with predictions to 2015, and incidence by subtype. Eur J Cancer. 2014;50(7):1330–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Islami F, DeSantis CE, Jemal A. Incidence trends of esophageal and gastric cancer subtypes by race, ethnicity, and age in the United States, 1997–2014. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;17(3):429–39.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Colquhoun A, Arnold M, Ferlay J, Goodman KJ, Forman D, Soerjomataram I. Global patterns of cardia and non-cardia gastric cancer incidence in 2012. Gut. 2015;64(12):1881–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308915.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Colquhoun A, Hannah H, Corriveau A, et al. Gastric cancer in northern Canadian populations: a focus on cardia and non-cardia subsites. Cancers (Basel). 2019;11(4):534. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11040534.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Matsuno K, Ishihara R, Ohmori M, et al. Time trends in the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma, gastric adenocarcinoma, and superficial esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma. J Gastroenterol. 2019;54(9):784–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00535-019-01577-7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Nicolas C, Sylvain M, Come L, Jean F, Anne-Marie B, Valerie J. Trends in gastric cancer incidence: a period and birth cohort analysis in a well-defined French population. Gastric Cancer. 2016;19(2):508–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10120-015-0509-9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Merchant SJ, Kim J, Choi AH, Sun V, Chao J, Nelson R. A rising trend in the incidence of advanced gastric cancer in young Hispanic men. Gastric Cancer. 2017;20(2):226–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10120-016-0603-7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Deans C, Yeo MS, Soe MY, Shabbir A, Ti T, So JB. Cancer of the gastric cardia is rising in incidence in an Asian population and is associated with adverse outcome. World J Surg. 2011;35(3):617–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Danaei G, Farzadfar F, Kelishadi R, et al. Iran in transition. Lancet. 2019;393(10184):1984–2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)33197-0.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Peykari N, Hashemi H, Dinarvand R, et al. National action plan for non-communicable diseases prevention and control in Iran; a response to emerging epidemic. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2017;16(1):3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40200-017-0288-4.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Abdi E, Latifi-Navid S, Zahri S, Yazdanbod A, Safaralizadeh R. Helicobacter pylori genotypes determine risk of non-cardia gastric cancer and intestinal-or diffuse-type GC in Ardabil: a very high-risk area in Northwestern Iran. Microb Pathog. 2017;107:287–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Rastaghi S, Jafari-Koshki T, Mahaki B, Bashiri Y, Mehrabani K, Soleimani A. Trends and risk factors of gastric cancer in Iran (2005–2010). Int J Prev Med. 2019;10.

  14. Lankarani KB, Khosravizadegan Z, Rezaianzadeh A, et al. Data coverage of a cancer registry in southern Iran before and after implementation of a population-based reporting system: a 10-year trend study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013;13(1):169.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Fars province. In: Population and geopolitical data. Statistical center of Iran, Tehran. 2016. https://www.amar.org.ir/english/Statistics-by-Topic/Population. Accessed 16 March, 2020.

  16. Molavi Vardajani H, Haghdoost AA, Shahravan A, Rad M. Cleansing and preparation of data for statistical analysis: A step necessary in oral health sciences research. Journal of Oral Health and Oral Epidemiology. 2016;5(4):171–85.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Hajizadeh N, Pourhoseingholi MA, Baghestani AR, Abadi A, Zali MR. Bayesian adjustment for over-estimation and under-estimation of gastric cancer incidence across Iranian provinces. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2017;9(2):87–93. https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v9.i2.87.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Pourhoseingholi MA, Najafimehr H, Hajizadeh N, Zali MR. Pattern of Gastric Cancer Incidence in Iran is Changed after Correcting the Misclassification Error. Middle East Journal of Cancer. 2020;11(1):91–8.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Sabermahani A, Barouni M, Seyedin H, Aryankhesal A. Provincial human development index, a guide for efficiency level analysis: the case of iran. Iran J Public Health. 2013;42(2):149–57.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Niknam R, Fattahi MR, Sepehrimanesh M, Safarpour A. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in southern part of Iran. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology. 2018;11(6).

  21. Hatam N, Joulaei H, Kazemifar Y, Askarian M. Cost efficiency of the family physician plan in fars province, southern iran. Iran J Med Sci. 2012;37(4):253–9.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Newnham A, Quinn M, Babb P, Kang J, Majeed A. Trends in oesophageal and gastric cancer incidence, mortality and survival in England and Wales 1971–1998/1999. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003;17(5):655–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Kaneko S, Yoshimura T. Time trend analysis of gastric cancer incidence in Japan by histological types, 1975–1989. Br J Cancer. 2001;84(3):400–5. https://doi.org/10.1054/bjoc.2000.1602.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Tramacere I, Pelucchi C, Bagnardi V, et al. A meta-analysis on alcohol drinking and esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma risk. Ann Oncol. 2012;23(2):287–97. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdr136.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Amin-Esmaeili M, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Sharifi V, et al. Alcohol use disorders in Iran: Prevalence, symptoms, correlates, and comorbidity. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017;176:48–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Farshad S, Japoni A, Alborzi A, Zarenezhad M, Ranjbar R. Changing prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in south of Iran. 2010.

  27. Esteghamati A, Khalilzadeh O, Mohammad K, et al. Secular trends of obesity in Iran between 1999 and 2007: National Surveys of Risk Factors of Non-communicable Diseases. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2010;8(3):209–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Moosazadeh M. Meta-Analysis of Prevalence of Smoking in 15–64-year-old Population of West of Iran. Int J Prev Med. 2013;4(10):1108–14.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Meysamie A, Ghaletaki R, Zhand N, Abbasi M. Cigarette smoking in iran. Iran J Public Health. 2012;41(2):1–14.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Khajeh A, Vardanjani HM, Salehi A, Rahmani N, Delavari S. Healthcare-seeking behavior and its relating factors in South of Iran. J Educ Health Promot. 2019;8:183. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_93_19.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This report was extracted from MH’s thesis in general medicine. Hereby, the authors would like to thank Ms. A. Keivanshekouh at the Research Consultation Center (RCC) of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences for improving the use of English in the manuscript.

Funding

The study was funded by Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Mahanaz Hosseini-Bensenjan

  2. MPH Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Hossein Molavi Vardanjani

  3. Shiraz Population-Based Cancer Registry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Zahra Khosravizadegan

  4. Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Kamran Bagheri-Lankarani

Authors
  1. Mahanaz Hosseini-Bensenjan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hossein Molavi Vardanjani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zahra Khosravizadegan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Kamran Bagheri-Lankarani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

KBL proposed the idea and supervised the study; HMV conceptualized and designed the study, analyzed the data, and revised the manuscript; MHB conducted data cleaning and data preparation, participated in conceptual frame-working and data analysis, and drafting the manuscript; ZKh was responsible for data collection and its quality. All authors read the final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kamran Bagheri-Lankarani.

Ethics declarations

Ethics Approval

The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.

Consent to Participate

Not applicable.

Consent for Publication

Not applicable.

Conflict of Interest

ZK is affiliated with the Shiraz Population-Based Cancer Registry. Others declare no conflict of interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hosseini-Bensenjan, M., Vardanjani, H.M., Khosravizadegan, Z. et al. Incidence Trends of Gastric Cancer in Southern Iran: Adenocarcinoma and Non-cardia Gastric Cancer Are More Rising Among Younger Ages. J Gastrointest Canc 53, 841–847 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-021-00722-x

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-021-00722-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation