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Effects of chronic endurance exercise training on serum 25(OH)D concentrations in elderly Japanese men

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Abstract

Background

Higher levels of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are positively related to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations; however, the response of 25(OH)D concentrations to chronic endurance exercise training is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to elucidate whether serum 25(OH)D concentrations were directly increased by 5 weeks of endurance exercise training and influenced by changes in body fat in elderly men.

Methods

Twenty elderly Japanese men were randomized to either the 5-week endurance exercise training group (ET group; N = 10) or the sedentary control group (SC group; N = 10). Fasting blood samples were collected to determine serum 25(OH)D and other blood parameters. The visceral fat area and hepatic fat content were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, respectively.

Results

After 5 weeks of endurance exercise training, the levels of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) were significantly increased from 23.3 at baseline to 28.1 mL/kg/min at the endpoint for the ET group; levels were unchanged for the SC group. A significant seasonal reduction in serum 25(OH)D concentrations was observed in the SC group (P < 0.05), while no change was found in the ET group. The results may be partly attributed to the slight decrease in intrahepatic fat in the ET group. No changes were observed in percent body fat or visceral fat area.

Conclusions

The results of our study suggest that 5 weeks of endurance training could inhibit the seasonal reduction in serum 25(OH)D concentrations without changes in body fat.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Satomi Oshima, Tomoko Ito, Katsuhiko Suzuki, and Shizuo Sakamoto for their assistance. The authors are grateful to all subjects for their participation in this study. This study was supported in part by a grant-in-aid for JSPS Fellows from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (to K.T.); a Waseda University Grant for Special Research Projects (2014B-419 to M.H.); a grant for strategic research initiatives (paradigm shifts in a super-aged society) from Waseda University (to M.H.); a grant from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology-Supported Program for the Strategic Research Foundation at Private University (to M.H.); a grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31571226); the Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning (No. TP2014057), and Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance (Shanghai University of Sport) (No. 11DZ2261100); a grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81703220).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Public Health, Xi’ an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061, Xi’an, China

    Xiaomin Sun

  2. Global Health Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061, Xi’an, China

    Xiaomin Sun

  3. School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Chang Hai Road, 200438, Shanghai, China

    Zhen-Bo Cao

  4. Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan

    Kumpei Tanisawa

  5. Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Shiga, 520-2194, Japan

    Hirokazu Taniguchi

  6. Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan

    Takafumi Kubo

  7. Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan

    Xiaomin Sun, Zhen-Bo Cao, Kumpei Tanisawa & Mitsuru Higuchi

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Correspondence to Zhen-Bo Cao.

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Sun, X., Cao, ZB., Tanisawa, K. et al. Effects of chronic endurance exercise training on serum 25(OH)D concentrations in elderly Japanese men. Endocrine 59, 330–337 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-017-1478-z

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