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Hypovitaminosis D: a novel risk factor for coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetes?

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Abstract

Vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels have been associated with cardiovascular disease. Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate the association of 25(OH)D levels with coronary heart disease (CHD) in 698 consecutive type 2 diabetic outpatients. 698 consecutive type 2 diabetic outpatients (25.2 % men, age 66 ± 9 years) and 100 (90 % men, age 65 ± 13 years) age-matched non-diabetic volunteers were enrolled. 25(OH)D assay and the main cardiovascular risk factors were explored. 25(OH)D concentration was 22 ± 10 ng/ml in control subjects and 18.23 ± 10 ng/ml in diabetic patients (p < 0.01). The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was higher in diabetic patients than in control subjects (90 vs. 83 %, p < 0.01). Diabetic subjects with hypovitaminosis D had higher prevalence of high values of A1C (p < 0.01), BMI (p < 0.01), LDL cholesterol (p < 0.01), triglycerides (p < 0.01), and glycemia (p < 0.01) than their vitamin D-sufficient counterparts. 25(OH)D and HDL cholesterol were lower (p < 0.01), while BMI (p < 0.01), age (p < 0.01), systolic (p < 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.01), diabetes duration (p < 0.01), A1C (p < 0.01), glycemia (p < 0.01), fibrinogen (p < 0.01), triglycerides (p < 0.01), and total (p < 0.01) and LDL cholesterol (p < 0.01) were higher in diabetic subjects with CHD than diabetic subjects without CHD. At the logistic regression analysis, the association of vitamin D with CHD was lost, while sex (p = 0.026), diabetes duration (p = 0.023), and age (p = 0.024) were the most powerful predictors of CHD. The current study demonstrates that 25(OH)D does not have a direct effect on CHD but may have an indirect effect mediated by cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes duration, age, and sex.

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Disclosure

This study has not received any specific support. None of the Authors have any conflict of interest to disclose.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy

    Giovanna Muscogiuri, Silvia Savastano, Rosario Pivonello & Annamaria Colao

  2. Internal Medicine Unit, San Gennaro Hospital, Naples, Italy

    Vincenzo Nuzzo & Alfonso Zuccoli

  3. Diabetology Unit, San Gennaro Hospital, Naples, Italy

    Adriano Gatti

  4. IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy

    Carolina Di Somma

  5. Department of Endocrinology, University “Parthenope” Naples, Naples, Italy

    Francesco Orio

  6. Endocrinology of Fertile Age, “S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona” University Hospital Salerno, Salerno, Italy

    Francesco Orio

Authors
  1. Giovanna Muscogiuri
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  2. Vincenzo Nuzzo
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Correspondence to Giovanna Muscogiuri.

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Muscogiuri, G., Nuzzo, V., Gatti, A. et al. Hypovitaminosis D: a novel risk factor for coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetes?. Endocrine 51, 268–273 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-015-0609-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-015-0609-7

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