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Advancements in Cancer Stem Cell Isolation and Characterization

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Abstract

Occurrence of stem cells (CSCs) in cancer is well established in last two decades. These rare cells share several properties including presence of common surface markers, stem cell markers, chemo- and radio- resistance and are highly metastatic in nature; thus, considered as valuable prognostic and therapeutic targets in cancer. However, the studies related to CSCs pave number of issues due to rare cell population and difficulties in their isolation ascribed to common stem cell marker. Various techniques including flow cytometry, laser micro-dissection, fluorescent nanodiamonds and microfluidics are used for the isolation of these rare cells. In this review, we have included the advance strategies adopted for the isolation of CSCs using above mentioned techniques. Furthermore, CSCs are primarily found in the core of the solid tumors and their microenvironment plays an important role in maintenance, self-renewal, division and tumor development. Therefore, in vivo tracking and model development become obligatory for functional studies of CSCs. Fluorescence and bioluminescence tagging has been widely used for transplantation assay and lineage tracking experiments to improve our understanding towards CSCs behaviour in their niche. Techniques such as Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Positron emission tomography (PET) have proved useful for tracking of endogenous CSCs which could be helpful in their identification in clinical settings.

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Funding

This work is financially supported by National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Government of India.

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  1. Department of Biotechnology, National institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research -Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India

    Heena Jariyal, Chanchal Gupta, Vedika Sandeep Bhat & Jayant Ramakant Wagh

  2. Department of Medical Device, National institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research -Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India

    Akshay Srivastava

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Jariyal, H., Gupta, C., Bhat, V.S. et al. Advancements in Cancer Stem Cell Isolation and Characterization. Stem Cell Rev and Rep 15, 755–773 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-019-09912-4

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