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Potential Role of Serum S-100β Protein as a Predictor of Cardiotoxicity and Clinical Poor Outcome in Acute Amphetamine Intoxication

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Abstract

Cardio- and neurotoxicity of amphetamines play an important role in worsening morbidity, making the initial evaluation of the patient’s status a potentially lifesaving action. The current study hypothesized that the S-100β serum level could predict the severity of acute amphetamine toxicity and the in-hospital outcome. The current study is a prospective cohort study conducted on 77 patients diagnosed with acute amphetamine exposure and referred to Aseer Poison Control Center, Saudi Arabia. The patients admitted to ICU showed significantly higher serum levels of S-100β in comparison to those not admitted (p < 0.05). Moreover, the S-100β level was significantly elevated among patients with prolonged QTc intervals. Receiver-operating characteristic curve of S-100β serum level as an in-hospital outcome predictor showed that at a cutoff value > 0.430 ug/L, the sensitivity of S-100β serum level as severity predictor was 100%, and the specificity was 74.1%. In conclusion, the current study revealed that the S-100β serum level could be used as an outcome predictor in hospital admission cases due to toxic amphetamine exposure and offers an idea about the cardiac and neuronal involvement. This can help select patients who will benefit most from ICU admission and early management and assess the severity of cases in settings where GC–MS is not available.

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Data Availability

The data are available upon reasonable request from the authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

    Asmaa F. Sharif & Dina El Gameel

  2. Clinical Sciences Departement, College of Medicine, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Asmaa F. Sharif

  3. Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

    Eman Elsheikh

  4. Internal Medicine Department, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia

    Eman Elsheikh

  5. Poison Control Centers and Medical Chemistry Legitimacy South, Aseer, Saudi Arabia

    Abdullah Z. Al-Asmari

  6. Poison Control Center, Aseer, Saudi Arabia

    Abdullah Z. Al-Asmari & Dina El Gameel

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AS analysis of results, interpretation of the finding, drafting the manuscript, and the corresponding author. EE analysis of results, interpretation of the finding, drafting the manuscript, AA data collection, obtaining informed consents, and ethical approval. DA Data collection, interpretation of the finding, and drafting the manuscript. All authors were involved in research conception and design, commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Asmaa F. Sharif.

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This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by Aseer Poison Control Center (approval number 8101441).

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Informed verbal consent was collected from all study participants, and all procedures conducted were part of routine care. Each patient’s medical records were handled anonymously to maintain confidentiality.

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Sharif, A.F., Elsheikh, E., Al-Asmari, A.Z. et al. Potential Role of Serum S-100β Protein as a Predictor of Cardiotoxicity and Clinical Poor Outcome in Acute Amphetamine Intoxication. Cardiovasc Toxicol 21, 375–386 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12012-020-09630-1

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